仁王護國般若波羅蜜多經疏 3.75

3.75

Explanation: "The realms, destinies, and births": the three realms, the six destinies, and the four forms of birth—this explains them in general. "Appear in accord with karmic conditions" explains cause and effect: depending on the karma of the various destinies, one appears and is born there. "Like shadows and like echoes" presents similes to clarify it: with karma as the substance, the manifest fruit is like a shadow; with karma like a sound, the subsequent fruit is like an echo. Moreover, being like shadows and echoes clarifies that they are unreal. "They are entirely empty" comprehensively clarifies that all conditioned phenomena, such as realms, are completely empty. From here, the fourth section explains the selflessness of phenomena. Within this there are two parts: first, the false arising of a self.