般若波羅蜜多心經幽贊 2.19

2.19

"Transcended" means to surmount, to escape. "Suffering" refers to sentient beings and locations in the three realms, which are produced and arisen from karma and afflictions. In truth, all that is with outflows is nothing but suffering, which is briefly threefold: all dharmas with outflows by nature fall into flux and are pressing and uneasy, which are all called suffering of conditioned existence (saṃskāra-duḥkhatā); worldly pleasures must inevitably end in destruction, and when conditions convene, sorrow entangles, which are all called suffering of change (vipariṇāma-duḥkhatā); their nature being already oppressive, yet further bitterness is added, hard to bear and recurring, which are all called suffering of suffering (duḥkha-duḥkhatā). This suffering is precisely "distress", because it has the meaning of calamity. Or suffering is the eight sufferings: dwelling in the womb and emerging from the womb both entail oppression, and as the root of all sufferings, it is called the suffering of birth; decay over time is called the suffering of aging; the decline and change of the great elements is called the suffering of illness; the decline and ending of lifespan is called the suffering of death; what is unpleasant presenting itself is called the suffering of meeting the hated; parting from what is loved is called the suffering of separation from the loved; what is desired not being attained is called the suffering of not getting what is sought; and conditioned saṃskāras with outflows are called the suffering of the five clinging aggregates that briefly subsumes all. "Distress" refers to the eight difficulties, as well as various perils and terrors, the minor three calamities, and so forth. Because one has not illuminated emptiness, one is bound by the marks of objects, the mind gives rise to conceptual discrimination, generating afflictions and karma, and the suffering of the five destinies arises. Once one sees the three non-natures as empty, or illuminates the aggregates and the rest as the emptiness of true suchness, discrimination does not arise, evil results are extinguished accordingly, and thus all sufferings and distresses can be transcended. As a verse says: