法華經義記 1.19

1.19

尋諸經品目，皆非佛語。何以故？然但佛說法時直爾散明因辨果，正是八音妙響說法度人，乃至無有文字紙墨，況復諸品。但隨根性有五時差別，于時時眾如說修行，但阿難比丘曩劫懷願親承金口，佛滅度後仍採拾三藏具述五時，致有書寫紙墨卷盈世界，欲令後代時人雖復不覩真容、親聽金口，覽卷尋文徹見始終說法大意，故作諸經品目。故知皆是出經者制，亦可密承聖旨述而不作。照然品義，只以類例不同所明各異之義也。

Examining the chapter headings of the various sūtras, none are the words of the Buddha. Why? When the Buddha preached the Dharma, he simply expounded cause and discerned fruition in an unbound manner; it was precisely the sublime reverberations of the eight voices preaching the Dharma to deliver people, without even letters, paper, or ink, much less various chapters. Yet following dispositions there were the distinctions of the five periods; at that time the assembly practiced according to the teaching. But the monk Ānanda, having harbored vows in kalpas past, personally received [the teachings] from the golden mouth; after the Buddha's parinirvāṇa, he gathered the three baskets and fully set forth the five periods, leading to written words, paper, and ink filling scrolls across the world. Wishing that people of later generations, though no longer beholding the true countenance or personally hearing the golden mouth, might peruse the scrolls, examine the text, and thoroughly see the general purport of the preaching of the Dharma from beginning to end, he created the chapter headings of the various sūtras. Hence we know they were all instituted by the compilers of the sūtras; or perhaps they secretly received the sacred intent, transmitting without inventing. The clearly illuminated meaning of chapters is simply that different categories and precedents clarify distinct matters.