妙法蓮華經玄義 1.139

1.139

釋名者，悉檀，天竺語。一云：此無翻，例如脩多羅多含；一云：翻為宗、成、墨、印、實、成就、究竟等，莫知孰是。《地持．菩提分品》說：「一切行無常，一切行苦，一切法無我，涅槃寂滅，是名四優檀那。」此翻為印，亦翻為宗。印是楷定，不可改易。佛菩薩具此法，復以傳教，此就教釋印。如經世智所說，有無無二此法楷定，以此傳授，經過去寂默諸牟尼尊展轉相傳，此就行釋印也。經增上、踊出，乃至出第一有，最上，眾共歸仰，世間所無，此釋宗義。彼明文了義釋優檀那，諸師何得用宗印翻四悉檀？如此既謬，餘翻亦叵信。南岳師，例「大涅槃」，梵、漢兼稱。「悉」是此言，「檀」是梵語，悉之言遍，檀翻為施。佛以四法，遍施眾生，故言悉檀也。

Regarding explaining the name: *Siddhānta* is an Indian term. One opinion says: this cannot be translated, just like *sūtra*, which contains multiple meanings; another says: it is translated as *zong* (purport), *cheng* (accomplishment), *mo* (ink/standard), *yin* (seal), *shi* (reality), *chengjiu* (perfection), *jiujing* (ultimate), and so forth, without knowing which is correct. The "Bodhipakṣa Chapter" of the *Bodhisattvabhūmi* says: "All conditioned phenomena are impermanent; all conditioned phenomena are suffering; all dharmas are without self; nirvāṇa is quiescence—these are called the four udānas." This is translated as "seal", and also translated as "purport". A seal is a definitive standard that cannot be changed. The Buddhas and bodhisattvas possess this teaching and furthermore transmit it as instruction; this explains "seal" in terms of teaching. As stated by worldly wisdom in the sūtras, existence and non-existence are not two; this teaching is definitively established, and through this transmission, it has been passed down through successive silent Munis of the past; this explains "seal" in terms of practice. Passing through the surpassing and emerging, up to emerging from the peak of existence, it is supreme, universally revered, and non-existent in the mundane world; this explains the meaning of "purport". Since that text clearly and definitively explains *udāna*, how could the various masters use "purport" and "seal" to translate the four siddhāntas? Since this is erroneous, the other translations are also untrustworthy. Master Nanyue, following the example of "Mahāparinirvāṇa", combined Sanskrit and Chinese in the designation: *xi* is the local word, and *tan* (*dāna*) is Sanskrit; *xi* means universal, and *tan* is translated as giving. Because the Buddha universally bestows the four teachings upon sentient beings, it is called *xitan* (siddhānta).