妙法蓮華經玄義 10.91

10.91

四、明合不合者，半滿五味，既通約諸經，諸經不同，今當辨其開合。若《華嚴》正隔小明大，於彼初分永無聲聞，後分則有，雖復在坐，如聾如瘂，非其境界。爾時尚未有半，何所論合？次開三乘，引接小機，令斷見思，則以小隔大，既不論滿，何所可合？故《無量義》云：「三法、四果、二道不一。」不一即不合也。若方等教，或半滿雙明，或半滿相對，或以滿彈半，稟半聞滿，雖知耻小，猶未入大，故云：「止宿草庵」，下劣之心，猶未能改，則半滿不合。《般若》以滿洮練於半，命領家業，明半方便，通入無生，半字法門皆是摩訶衍，是合其法，「而不悕取一餐之物」，即是未合其人，是故半滿不合。若至法華，覺悟化城，云非真實，「汝等所行，是菩薩道」，即是合法。「汝實我子」，即是合人，人法俱合。

Fifth, clarifying unification and non-unification: since the half-word, full-word, and five flavors are generally applied across the various sūtras, and the various sūtras differ, we must now discern their separation and unification. The *Avataṃsaka* directly separates the small to clarify the great: in its initial part there are never any śrāvakas; in its later part they are present, yet though they are in the assembly, they are like the deaf and mute, as it is not their realm. At that time there was not yet any half-word, so how could unification be discussed? Next, opening the three vehicles to guide and receive those of small capacity, causing them to sever views and thoughts, separated the great by means of the small; since the full was not discussed, how could there be unification? Therefore the *Sūtra of Immeasurable Meanings* says: 'The three dharmas, the four fruits, and the two paths are not one.' 'Not one' means not unified. In the Vaipulya teaching, either the half and full are both clarified, or the half and full are set against each other, or the full is used to reprimand the half; having received the half and hearing the full, although they knew shame regarding the small, they had not yet entered the great. Therefore it says: 'Staying overnight in a thatched hut'—their lowly mind had not yet been changed, so the half and full were not unified. The *Prajñā* used the full to refine the half, ordering them to take charge of the family business, clarifying that the expedients of the half lead through to non-arising, and that the Dharma gates of the half-word are all the Mahāyāna—this is unifying the teachings; 'yet having no intention of aspiring to take even a single meal' means they had not yet unified the persons; therefore the half and full were not unified. When it comes to the *Lotus Sūtra*, awakening them to the conjured city, saying it is not real: 'What you all practice is the bodhisattva path'—this is unifying the teachings. 'You are truly my son'—this is unifying the persons; both persons and teachings are unified.