妙法蓮華經玄義 8.4

8.4

言無翻者，彼語多含，此語單淺，不可以單翻複，應留本音。而言「經」者，開善云：非正翻也，但以此代彼耳。此間聖說為經，賢說子史；彼聖稱經，菩薩稱論；既不可翻，宜以此代彼，故稱經也。既不可翻而含五義：一、法本，亦云出生。二云微發，亦云顯示。三云涌泉。四云繩墨。五云結鬘。今秖作五義不可翻，今於一中作三，三五十五義：一、教本。二、行本。三、義本。今廣釋之。

Regarding the assertion that it is untranslatable: that language contains multiple meanings, whereas this language is singular and shallow; one cannot translate the manifold with the singular, so the original pronunciation should be retained. As for using the word "jīng," [the Master of] Kaishan said: It is not a direct translation; it is merely substituted with this [Chinese word]. Here, the words of the sages are called "jīng" (classics), while the words of the worthy are called "philosophers" and "histories"; there, [the words of] the sage are called "sūtras," and [the words of] bodhisattvas are called "treatises." Since it cannot be translated, it is fitting to substitute this for that, hence it is called *jīng*. Since it cannot be translated, it contains five meanings: First, the root of dharma, also called "producing." Second, "subtle initiation," also called "revealing." Third, "surging spring." Fourth, "marking-line." Fifth, "garland." Now, not only does it have five untranslatable meanings, but within each one we formulate three, making three times five, or fifteen meanings: 1. The root of teaching. 2. The root of practice. 3. The root of meaning. We now explain them at length.