法華玄義釋籤 3.3

3.3

First, in explaining the names, there are three [parts]: first, broadly citing the old masters; next, citing a treatise to refute them; third, citing Nanyue's correct explanation. The first is as in the text. As for the next text, it first cites the Dichi to prove the error, and next directly refutes the error. First, in citing the four udānas of the Dichi: chapter seventeen, "Factors of Awakening", says: "All other practices and studies entirely enter the three doors of samādhi. Namely, the practices and studies of the śrāvakas have four udāna dharmas; for the sake of sentient beings, the buddhas and bodhisattvas also speak these four. That is, all conditioned things are suffering is an udāna dharma; up to nirvāṇa is quiescence is an udāna dharma. The buddhas and bodhisattvas are endowed with this dharma, and in turn transmit this dharma to sentient beings: this is called an udāna. The silent Munis of the past transmitted it to one another: this is called an udāna. Surpassing and emerging, up to fully emerging from the peak of existence: this is called an udāna." In the treatise text there is no character for "sūtra"; it is merely titled "Dichi jing", and so it is cited here as "sūtra". That the Dichi names these four as "seals" differs from the dharma seals clarified in the Da zhidu lun cited below: the Mahāyāna has one seal, while the Hīnayāna has three seals. Although this text of the Dichi is Mahāyāna, it wishes to clarify the dharmas subsumed [therein], and for bodhisattvas of initial practice to cultivate these four for the time being. The four are merely the three, with the seal of suffering additionally established to make four. Two seals seal saṃsāra, and one seal seals nirvāṇa. For saṃsāra, impermanence is the initial seal, and non-self is the latter seal; they are also called the gist. Hence one knows that these are entirely different in name and meaning from the four siddhāntas. From "A seal is..." onward, it explains the meaning of "seal"; the two texts on teaching and practice are distinct. Preaching belongs to worldly wisdom; hence it is said, "what is spoken by worldly wisdom."