妙法蓮華經文句 2.118

2.118

Next are listed the devas of the Form Realm. "Saha", translated here as "Endurance": the sentient beings of this land are content with the ten unwholesome actions and are unwilling to escape; the land is named after its people, hence it is called "Endurance". The *Karuṇāpuṇḍarīka-sūtra* says: "Why is it called Saha? Because these sentient beings endure the three poisons and all afflictions, it is called the Land of Endurance." It is also called "Mixed", because the nine paths dwell together mixedly (and so forth). "Brahma", translated here as "Free from Desires": casting off the bonds of the lower stages and ascending to the Form Realm, it is therefore called "free from desires", and also called "lofty purity". "Śikhin", translated here as "Crest"; furthermore, foreign languages call fire *jyotiḥ-śikhin*. This king originally cultivated the fire-light concentration and shattered the delusions of the Desire Realm, taking his name from this virtue. However, the sūtra designates the Brahma King and then separately mentions Śikhin, seeming to refer to two persons. Relying on the *Commentary*, Śikhin is strictly the king; now the sūtra sets forth the station and clarifies the name, which probably designates one person. Dwelling in the intermediate dhyāna, inwardly possessing vitarka and vicāra, and outwardly having speech, he obtains sovereignty and becomes king; cultivating dhyāna alone makes one a Brahma subject; adding the four immeasurable minds makes one king. The first dhyāna has Brahma-pāriṣadya, Brahma-purohita, and Mahābrahma; now the mention of the king subsumes all of them.