妙法蓮華經文句 2.49

2.49

"Trainees and non-trainees": in the Tripiṭaka [teaching], there are eighteen kinds of persons in training and nine kinds of persons beyond training. In the shared teaching, the [first] five stages are all called 'training', and the sixth stage is called 'beyond training'; alternatively, in the shared teaching, the [first] nine stages are called 'training', and the Buddha stage is 'beyond training'. In the distinctive and perfect [teachings], [trainees and non-trainees] are clarified either in terms of effort and effortless, or in terms of complete and incomplete. The Āgamas state: "A non-Buddhist asked the Buddha, 'Does an arhat still train?' The Buddha said, 'An arhat does not commit bad dharmas and abides in good dharmas; training in what is beyond training is precisely termed training.'" If so, a trainee is also called a non-trainee. A trainee, to the extent of what he has severed, severs no further, which is precisely 'beyond training'. These constitute the four propositions. In terms of the five expedient means, being neither trainee nor non-trainee constitutes the fifth proposition. Across the four teachings, it should also be like this by analogy: four times five is twenty propositions.