妙法蓮華經文句 3.50

3.50

Distinguished by four propositions: There is expedient means refuting the expedient, and the expedient refuting expedient means; expedient means cultivating the expedient, and the expedient cultivating expedient means; expedient means is identical to the expedient, and the expedient is identical to expedient means. As for expedient means refuting the expedient, the four types are all secret and wonderful expedient means; this expedient means refutes the expedient that follows the minds of others. As for the expedient refuting expedient means, the expedient is the expedient of identical essence, which refutes the expedient means external to the essence. Mutual cultivation can also be understood; mutual identity can also be understood, and so on. The [first] three propositions can explain other sūtras; the fourth proposition is the intent of the present chapter. Therefore, the *Zheng fahua jing* names it the 'Skilful Expedients Chapter' (*Upāyakauśalya*). The expedient is identical to expedient means, without duality and without distinction; bowing the head or raising a hand all accomplish the Buddha Path; expedient means and skilful expedients are both the real.