法華義疏 1.116

1.116

因緣故聞，因緣聞即無所聞，故《中論》云：「因緣所生法，則是寂滅性」，故聞宛然而不聞，亦不聞宛然而聞。以聞宛然不聞，故不壞假名而說實相；以不聞宛然而聞，故不動真際建立諸法。又聞宛然而不聞，故是聞不聞；不聞宛然而聞，故則是不聞聞。不聞聞豈是聞？聞不聞豈是不聞？故非聞非不聞名為中道，而聞而不聞稱為假名，故《論》云「亦為是假名，亦是中道義」。然中假即是因緣，故中稱假中、假稱中假，中假非假、假中非中，故非中非假，言辭相寂滅，非謂變轉前法方稱寂滅，即因緣之聞本來寂滅。故此經云「諸法從本來，常自寂滅相」也。

Hearing occurs through causes and conditions. Hearing through causes and conditions is precisely that there is nothing heard. Therefore the *Madhyamakaśāstra* says: "Phenomena arisen from causes and conditions are inherently tranquil and extinguished." Thus, hearing is fully apparent yet there is no hearing; likewise, not hearing is fully apparent yet there is hearing. Because hearing is fully apparent yet not hearing, the true mark is explained without destroying provisional names. Because not hearing is fully apparent yet there is hearing, all phenomena are established without shifting from the true limit. Furthermore, hearing is fully apparent yet not hearing, so it is hearing that is not hearing; not hearing is fully apparent yet hearing, so it is non-hearing that is hearing. How could non-hearing that is hearing be hearing? How could hearing that is non-hearing be non-hearing? Thus, neither hearing nor non-hearing is called the middle way, while hearing and non-hearing is called the provisional name. Therefore the *Śāstra* says: "It is also a provisional name; it is also the meaning of the middle way." Yet the middle and the provisional are precisely causes and conditions; thus the middle is called the provisional middle, and the provisional is called the middle provisional. The middle provisional is not provisional, and the provisional middle is not middle; thus it is neither middle nor provisional, and verbal expressions are tranquil and extinguished. This does not mean that preceding phenomena transform and only then are called tranquil and extinguished; rather, hearing through causes and conditions is fundamentally tranquil and extinguished. Therefore this sūtra says: "All phenomena from the very beginning / Are eternally characterized by tranquil extinction."