法華義疏 1.141

1.141

「住」者，今取能住為住，故住義屬佛。住有二種：一者身住；二者心住。身住亦有四：一、化處住，十方諸佛各有國土。二、異俗住，三世諸佛多栖止伽藍。三、未捨壽分住，佛未答魔王啟請壽命無量，由答啟請則唯留八十餘皆捨之。《雜心》云「捨第五壽分者，百年之壽，二十為一分，故有五分。佛答魔王啟請，捨二十年唯留八十，故云捨第五壽分。」《法華》去涅槃近，應是捨壽分住也。四者、威儀住，謂行住坐臥悉名為住也。二、就內德論住亦有四種：一者、天住，謂住布施、持戒等。二者、梵住，謂住四無量心。三者、聖住，謂住空、無相、無願三昧。四者、佛住，謂住十力等果地眾德。如來具此內外八住，此即是無住而住、住無所住；例如文殊不來而來，來無所來也。亦如《涅槃》師子吼辨住沙羅林說。

"Dwelling": here, taking the one capable of dwelling as dwelling, the meaning of dwelling belongs to the Buddha. There are two kinds of dwelling: first, physical dwelling; second, mental dwelling.
Physical dwelling also has four aspects:
1. Dwelling in the place of conversion: the Buddhas of the ten directions each have their own lands.
2. Dwelling distinct from the secular: the Buddhas of the three periods of time mostly reside in monasteries (saṅghārāmas).
3. Dwelling without having relinquished the lifespan portion: before the Buddha answered King Māra's request, his lifespan was immeasurable; upon answering the request, he retained only eighty years and relinquished all the rest. The *Saṃyuktābhidharmahṛdaya* says: "Relinquishing the fifth portion of lifespan: in a lifespan of one hundred years, twenty years constitute one portion, so there are five portions. The Buddha, answering King Māra's request, relinquished twenty years and retained only eighty; hence it is said that he relinquished the fifth portion of lifespan." The *Lotus Sūtra* is close to the nirvāṇa, so it should be dwelling upon having relinquished a lifespan portion.
4. Dwelling in deportment: walking, standing, sitting, and lying down are all called dwelling.
Second, discussing dwelling in terms of internal virtues, there are also four kinds:
First, celestial dwelling: dwelling in giving, keeping the precepts, and so forth.
Second, brahma dwelling: dwelling in the four immeasurable minds.
Third, noble dwelling: dwelling in the samādhis of emptiness, signlessness, and wishlessness.
Fourth, Buddha dwelling: dwelling in the numerous virtues of the stage of fruition, such as the ten powers. The Tathāgata possesses these eight internal and external dwellings; this is precisely dwelling without dwelling, dwelling where there is nowhere to dwell, just as Mañjuśrī comes without coming, coming where there is nowhere to come. It is also as explained in the *Nirvāṇa Sūtra* where Siṃhanāda discusses dwelling in the śāla grove.