法華義疏 1.355

1.355

「釋提桓因」者，具足外國語應云釋迦提桓因陀羅，釋迦為能、提桓為天、因陀羅為主，以其在善法堂治化稱會天心，故稱為能天主。而云三十三天者，三十二為臣，四廂各八臣，故三十二也；而一天為主，故三十三天。《大智度論》云「三藏中明釋提桓因得須陀洹果，摩訶衍中說為法身菩薩」也。又釋提桓因姓，憍尸迦名，本是摩伽陀國舊人，故初列之。

Regarding “Śakra Devānām Indra”: fully pronounced in foreign tongues it should be Śakro Devānām Indraḥ. Śakra means “able,” deva means “deva” [or “heaven”], and indra means “lord.” Because he governs and converts beings in the Hall of the Good Dharma in accordance with the minds of the devas, he is called “Able Lord of Devas.” When it speaks of the “thirty-three devas,” thirty-two are his ministers—eight ministers on each of the four flanks, hence thirty-two—and one deva serves as lord, making thirty-three devas. The Dà zhìdù lùn states: “In the Tripiṭaka it is explained that Śakra Devānām Indra attained the fruit of srotāpanna; in the Mahāyāna he is explained as a dharmakāya bodhisattva.” Furthermore, Śakra is his clan name, Kauśika is his personal name, and he was originally an old resident of the country of Magadha, which is why he is listed first.