法華義疏 10.40

10.40

「但以因緣有」者，第二、明因緣世諦觀。前明真諦、後明世諦者，示實相為本、諸法為末。又上明常好坐禪修攝其心，則從有入空；今從空出有。《瓔珞經》云「從有入空名第一義觀，從空出有名平等觀，因是二觀為方便得入中道第一義觀」也。「從顛倒生故說常樂」者，上明空有二諦，即是顯正義；此句敘緣迷，以不識因緣有故從顛倒生計有常樂。常樂屬上句也。有人言：諸法實無所有，從顛倒生，是故見有如眼病見空華也。光宅云：「以取相因生諸法，故云從顛倒生也」。有人言：顛倒者即釋成上因緣義。上云因緣者，如《大品》明眾生顛倒因緣故有六道也（常樂字向下牽之也）。

"Only existing through causes and conditions": second, explaining the conventional-truth contemplation of causes and conditions. Explaining the ultimate truth first and the conventional truth later shows that the real mark is the root and all phenomena are the branches. Furthermore, above it was explained that always delighting in sitting in dhyāna cultivates and collects the mind, which is entering emptiness from existence; here, one emerges into existence from emptiness. The Yingluo jing says: "Entering emptiness from existence is called the ultimate-truth contemplation; emerging into existence from emptiness is called the equality contemplation; using these two contemplations as expedient means, one attains entry into the Middle Way ultimate-truth contemplation." "Because they arise from inversion, they are said to be permanent and pleasant": the above explanation of the two truths of emptiness and existence revealed the correct meaning; this phrase describes the delusion regarding conditions: because one does not recognize that things exist through causes and conditions, one generates from inversion the conception of permanence and pleasure. "Permanence and pleasure" belongs to the preceding phrase. Some say: all phenomena truly do not exist, but arise from inversion; therefore they are seen as existent, like an eye disease seeing flowers in the sky. Guangzhai says: "Because causes that grasp marks give rise to all phenomena, it says 'arise from inversion.'" Some say: "inversion" simply explains and completes the above meaning of causes and conditions. As for "causes and conditions" mentioned above, it is like the Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra explaining that due to the causes and conditions of sentient beings' inversions, there are the six destinies. (The words "permanent and pleasant" are drawn down into the following.)