法華義疏 12.37

12.37

波若釋通字義通所行，菩薩摩訶薩是通字義故釋通名也。此經釋觀音字義，故是釋別名也。波若通釋諸菩薩所乘，此經別釋觀音三密之德。又波若通釋自行化他，今但釋化他門。又波若具就二慧門釋，今但就方便門釋也。所言「觀音」者，外國名阿梨耶婆樓吉氐稅，此翻觀世音。菩薩有多種名，今依此品佛答中略辨三名：一、觀世音；二、觀世意；三、觀世身。聖人無名為物立稱者，欲生眾生三業善也。立觀世音名令物稱名生口業善，立觀世意名令物存念生意業善，立觀世身名令物禮拜恭敬生身業善，以備生三業善故立此三名。

The Prajñā[pāramitā Sūtras] explain the shared terminology and practice; because "bodhisattva mahāsattva" is a shared term and meaning, they explain the shared name. This sūtra explains the meaning of the name Avalokiteśvara; therefore, it explains an individual name. The Prajñā[pāramitā Sūtras] explain in common that which all bodhisattvas ride; this sūtra specifically explains the virtues of Avalokiteśvara's three mysteries. Furthermore, the Prajñā[pāramitā Sūtras] explain together both self-cultivation and transforming others; here, it only explains the gate of transforming others. Again, the Prajñā[pāramitā Sūtras] explain fully in terms of the two gates of wisdom; here, it explains solely in terms of the gate of expedient means (upāya). As for the name "Guanyin" (Avalokiteśvara), in foreign languages it is called *Āryāvalokiteśvara*, which is translated here as "Observing the Sounds of the World" (Guanshiyin). Bodhisattvas have many names; here, according to the Buddha's answer in this chapter, three names are briefly distinguished: first, Observing the Sounds of the World (Guanshiyin); second, Observing the Intentions of the World (Guanshiyi); third, Observing the Bodies of the World (Guanshishen). That holy persons have no name yet establish titles for sentient beings is because they desire to generate goodness of the three karmas in sentient beings: establishing the name "Observing the Sounds of the World" causes beings to recite the name and generate goodness of vocal karma; establishing the name "Observing the Intentions of the World" causes beings to keep him in mindfulness and generate goodness of mental karma; establishing the name "Observing the Bodies of the World" causes beings to pay homage and reverence and generate goodness of bodily karma. Because they are fully prepared to generate goodness of the three karmas, these three names were established.