法華義疏 2.258

2.258

「或見菩薩」下，第五、明檀度。《涅槃經》云「若起二乘心無布施，是破戒邪見。若以凡夫心見有三事，亦破戒邪見」。今了三事宛然而常寂滅乃超凡聖，是持戒正見施也。開為五別：一、明藥食施；二、明衣服施；三、明臥具施；四、明園林施；五、一偈總結施意。言「餚膳」者，肉食為餚，細劈肉也。菜食總名餗（速音）。此經未制斷肉，故明菩薩施肉，《涅槃．四相品》去已斷肉，至〈大眾問品〉純陀持諸餚饍來者，為純陀從〈哀歎品〉還家，不聞〈四相品〉制故爾。〈大眾問品〉云「所食無異者，同化成菜食也」。「名衣上服價直千萬」者，迦葉袈裟直十萬兩金，以施佛，祇域奉佛染摩羯簸衣亦堪十萬兩金，佛勅阿難割截作袈裟耳。與上檀度異者，前明布施四生，今明供養三寶；上具明內外二施，今但辨財檀。

From "Or seeing bodhisattvas" below is the fifth, explaining the perfection of dāna. The *Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra* says, "If one gives rise to the mind of the two vehicles without giving, that is breaking precepts and wrong view. If with the mind of an ordinary person one sees the three components [of giving], that is also breaking precepts and wrong view." Now, comprehending that the three components are vividly present yet constantly quiescent transcends both the ordinary and the noble; this is giving with pure precepts and right view. It is divided into five distinctions: first, explaining the giving of medicines and food; second, explaining the giving of clothing; third, explaining the giving of bedding; fourth, explaining the giving of parks and groves; fifth, one verse summarizing the intention of giving. As for the word *yáoshàn* (delicacies), meat dishes are *yáo*, which is finely sliced meat. Vegetable dishes are collectively called *sù*. This sūtra had not yet prohibited meat-eating, so it explains bodhisattvas giving meat; from the "Chapter on the Four Characteristics" of the *Nirvāṇa Sūtra* onward meat was prohibited, and when it comes to the "Chapter on the Questions of the Great Assembly" where Cunda brought various meat and delicacies, it was because Cunda had returned home from the "Chapter on Mourning and Lamentation" and had not heard the prohibition in the "Chapter on the Four Characteristics" that this occurred. The "Chapter on the Questions of the Great Assembly" says, "That what was eaten had no difference means it was equally transformed into vegetable dishes." Regarding "famous garments and superior robes worth thousands of myriads": Kāśyapa's kāṣāya was worth one hundred thousand ounces of gold, which was offered to the Buddha; Jīvaka offered the Buddha a dyed wool garment also worth one hundred thousand ounces of gold, and the Buddha ordered Ānanda to cut it to make a kāṣāya. As for the difference from the former perfection of dāna: the former explained giving to the four kinds of beings; the present explains making offerings to the Three Jewels. The former fully explained both internal and external gifts; the present discerns only material dāna.