法華義疏 6.111

6.111

第五門、明人不同者，略說此經譬意，明迷悟不同有四種人以為次第：一者、在家起愛眾生不知厭生死亦不知出。二者、出家外道知厭老病，迷於出路而不知出處。三者、二乘之人知厭知出，但是曲出，故於佛道迂迴稽留，又住半路不更進求。四者、菩薩之人知厭知出名為直出，故乘是寶車直至道場。今毒虫惡鬼則是前二人也。今昔兩人即是後二人也。亦得一人具四、四人具四，如恒河中七種眾生自有七人具七、一人具七也。就文為三：一者、明毒虫；二、辨惡鬼；三、總結過患。初文又二：前、別明毒虫；二、總結過患。就初文又開三雙：第一、明上有怪鳥、下有毒虫，則上下一雙。二、明所迷之不淨、能迷蜣蜋，能所一雙。三、明貪獸食噉、慳狗諍奪，慳貪一雙。

The fifth gate, elucidating the differences among persons: briefly stating the intention of this sūtra's parable, it explains four kinds of people in sequence according to the differences between delusion and awakening: First, sentient beings who live in households and give rise to craving; they do not know to feel revulsion toward saṃsāra, nor do they know to escape. Second, non-Buddhists who leave the household; they know to feel revulsion toward old age and sickness, but are confused about the path of escape and do not know the place of escape. Third, people of the two vehicles; they know to feel revulsion and know to escape, but it is only a crooked escape; hence they detour and linger on the Buddha path, and moreover halt midway without seeking further progress. Fourth, people who are bodhisattvas; they know to feel revulsion and know to escape, which is called direct escape; hence riding this jeweled carriage, they go directly to the bodhimaṇḍa. Now, the poisonous insects and evil demons are the former two kinds of people. The people of the present and the past are the latter two kinds of people. It is also acceptable that one person possesses the four, or four persons possess the four, just as with the seven kinds of sentient beings in the Ganges River: there are naturally seven persons who possess the seven, or one person who possesses the seven. In terms of the text, there are three parts: first, explaining the poisonous insects; second, distinguishing the evil demons; third, concluding the faults and perils overall. The first part also has two: first, separately explaining the poisonous insects; second, concluding the faults and perils overall. Within the first part, three pairs are further opened: First, explaining that above there are strange birds and below there are poisonous insects, which is the pair of above and below. Second, explaining the impurity that is deluded about and the dung beetle that is deluded, which is the pair of object and subject. Third, explaining greedy beasts devouring and stingy dogs fighting and snatching, which is the pair of stinginess and greed.