法華義疏 7.185

7.185

凡有五雙十教：一、頓漸一雙，初化子不得謂華嚴頓教也，從冷水灑面譬說人天乘，至法華教謂漸說大乘，則頓漸一雙也。頓教化直往菩薩，漸教通化二種菩薩。此中所明正化迴小入大之人，就漸教中人天乘為世間教。從雇子除糞竟法華為出世教，即世出世一雙也。就出世教中雇子除糞喻謂小乘教，付財譬謂大乘教，謂大小一雙也。大乘教中付財命說陶練小心此二密教聲聞，法華已去顯教聲聞，謂顯密一雙也。就密教中付財命說令小乘人說於大法以化小人名為自教，陶練小心明大人說於大法以化小人名為他教，自他一雙也。則此自他兩教名為密教，委囑家業謂顯教也。此五雙十教非但領釋迦一化，總攝十方諸佛法門。

There are five pairs and ten teachings in all. First is the pair of sudden and gradual: initially failing to transform the son refers to the sudden teaching of the Avataṃsaka; from the parable of splashing cold water on the face, which explains the human and deva vehicles, up to the teaching of the Lotus Sūtra, which refers to gradually preaching the Mahāyāna, this is the pair of sudden and gradual. The sudden teaching transforms direct bodhisattvas; the gradual teaching universally transforms both kinds of bodhisattvas. What is explained here is properly transforming those who turn from the lesser to enter the greater. Within the gradual teaching, the human and deva vehicles are the mundane teaching. From hiring the son to clear dung up to the Lotus Sūtra is the supramundane teaching; this is the pair of mundane and supramundane. Within the supramundane teaching, the parable of hiring the son to clear dung refers to the Hīnayāna teaching, and the parable of entrusting the wealth refers to the Mahāyāna teaching; this is the pair of great and small. Within the Mahāyāna teaching, entrusting the wealth and commanding preaching, together with smelting and refining the small mind, are the two esoteric teachings for śrāvakas, while from the Lotus Sūtra onwards is the explicit teaching for śrāvakas; this is the pair of explicit and esoteric. Within the esoteric teaching, entrusting the wealth and commanding preaching, which makes persons of the Hīnayāna preach the great Dharma to transform lesser people, is called teaching by oneself; smelting and refining the small mind, which explains great beings preaching the great Dharma to transform lesser people, is called teaching by another; this is the pair of self and other. Thus these two teachings of self and other are called esoteric teachings, while bequeathing and entrusting the family estate is called the explicit teaching. These five pairs and ten teachings not only encompass Śākyamuni's entire teaching career, but also subsume all the Dharma gates of the buddhas of the ten directions.