法華義疏 8.268

8.268

答：《雜心》云「牟尼說見道，疾故名法輪，謂見諦解起具戒定慧，以三種戒為輪轂，三種慧為輪輻，二種定為輪輞」。三種戒謂正語、正業、正命，三種慧謂正見、正思惟、正精進，二種定謂正定、正念也。所言輪者謂輪轉義，觀欲界苦，次觀上界苦，次乃至觀欲界道，次觀上界道，以三界四諦上下輪轉故名為輪。斷見諦惑為輪用，照四諦境為輪行四方也。

Answer: The Samyuktābhidharmahṛdaya says: 'The Muni preached the path of seeing; because it is swift, it is named the Dharma wheel: that is, the understanding of seeing the truths arises, possessing morality, concentration, and wisdom. It takes the three kinds of morality as the wheel's hub, the three kinds of wisdom as the wheel's spokes, and the two kinds of concentration as the wheel's rim.' The three kinds of morality are right speech, right action, and right livelihood. The three kinds of wisdom are right view, right thought, and right effort. The two kinds of concentration are right concentration and right mindfulness. What is called a 'wheel' means the sense of rolling and turning: contemplating the suffering of the desire realm, then contemplating the suffering of the higher realms, down to contemplating the path of the desire realm, then contemplating the path of the higher realms; because it turns up and down through the four truths of the three realms, it is called a wheel. Severing the delusions [abandoned by] seeing the truths is the function of the wheel; illuminating the objects of the four truths is the wheel rolling in the four directions.