法華義疏 8.82

8.82

「汝等迦葉」下，第二、歎迦葉能知同異。今昔兩緣各有偏執不知同異，而迦葉能知，故名希有也。就文為二：初、正嘆；「所以者何」下，釋嘆。然應具嘆迦葉能知同異，但偏對昔病不知異是方便，故今偏歎迦葉於不知異人中為希有也。此文亦得具歎同異，「能知如來隨宜說法」歎知異也；「能信能受」歎知同也。

From 'You, Kāśyapa' downward is the second [section], praising Kāśyapa for being able to know sameness and difference. The conditions of the present and the past each have their one-sided attachments and do not know sameness and difference, but Kāśyapa is able to know them; therefore, it is called rare. In terms of the text, there are two parts: first, the primary praise; from 'Why is this?' downward, the explanation of the praise. In principle, one should fully praise Kāśyapa's ability to know both sameness and difference, but here, specifically addressing the past malady of not knowing that difference was an expedient means, he now specifically praises Kāśyapa as being rare among those who do not know difference. This text may also be taken as fully praising both sameness and difference: 'being able to know the Tathāgata's teaching of the Dharma in accordance with what is appropriate' praises knowing difference; 'being able to believe and accept' praises knowing sameness.