妙法蓮華經玄贊 5.290

5.290

贊曰：第二大段合五趣危亡喻，本喻有四：一眾多，二宅朽，三災起，四子居。今合亦四：一為度眾生合人眾甚多，二生老病死憂悲苦惱合宅宇危朽，三愚癡暗蔽三毒之火合諸方災起，四教化令得三菩提果合眾生遊居。生老病死憂悲苦惱，喻四蘊中無常及苦，宅宇危朽一一皆有生老病死。若次第配宅宇危朽，義稍難知，或宅壞中所有過失，據實宅朽理通三界，故配四薀義如前說。今以欲界四相遷流之過失名顯三界苦，為令眾生厭生老病死深故，乃說生老病死宅壞過失。不爾何故諸方災起，通三界煩惱共宅宇危朽，唯明欲界苦果？「眾子遊居中有大姓」者，名為長者婦生真子。未發心前名三界子，發心已後漸得菩提。

The Commentary says: The second major section matches the parable of the peril and ruin of the five destinies. The original parable has four [points]: first, the multitude of people; second, the decay of the house; third, the outbreak of disasters; fourth, the residence of the children. Now, the matching also has four: first, "in order to cross over sentient beings" matches the vast multitude of people; second, "birth, old age, sickness, death, grief, sorrow, suffering, and distress" matches the peril and decay of the mansion; third, "the fire of foolish dark obscuration and the three poisons" matches the outbreak of disasters from all quarters; fourth, "teaching and transforming them to attain the fruit of sambodhi" matches the sentient beings playing and residing [there]. Birth, old age, sickness, death, grief, sorrow, suffering, and distress illustrate impermanence and suffering within the four aggregates; in the peril and decay of the mansion, each possesses birth, old age, sickness, and death. If one matches these sequentially to the peril and decay of the mansion, the meaning is somewhat difficult to understand; or, regarding all the faults within the ruined house, in truth the decay of the house in principle extends throughout the three realms, so matching them to the four aggregates has the meaning as explained before. Now, using the faults of the flux of the four characteristics in the desire realm, the suffering of the three realms is revealed; in order to make sentient beings deeply detest birth, old age, sickness, and death, the faults of the ruined house of birth, old age, sickness, and death are spoken of. Otherwise, why would the outbreak of disasters from all quarters pervade the afflictions of the three realms, while the peril and decay of the mansion solely clarify the karmic fruits of suffering of the desire realm? "Among the children residing and playing, there were those of great lineage" refers to the true sons born of the elder's wife. Before giving rise to the mind [for bodhi], they are called the sons of the three realms; after giving rise to the mind, they gradually attain bodhi.