妙法蓮華經玄贊 9.179

9.179

贊曰：第四惡業緣。旃陀羅，云屠者，不律儀也。正言旃荼羅，此云嚴幟。惡業自嚴行持標幟，搖鈴持竹為自標故。此中舉六；雜心有十二，謂屠羊、養鷄、養猪、捕魚、捕鳥、獵師、作賊、魁膾、守獄、呪龍、屠犬、伺獵；《涅槃經》十六，牛羊猪雞為利故買，肥已轉賣，為利故買，買已屠殺，即為前八，九鉤魚、十獵師、十一劫奪、十二魁膾、十三捕鳥、十四兩舌、十五獄卒、十六呪龍。《對法》第八有十四：屠羊、養猪、捕鳥、捕魚、獵鹿、罝㝹、劫盜、魁𮫨、害牛、縛象、立壇呪龍、守獄、讒構、好為損等。此文意說，意思廣重損害寔深，計利養命終身不輟，皆名不律儀，故言好為損等，故此經言諸惡律儀。「畋」音徒賢反，取禽獸也。又徒見反，地平畋畋，今從初。有作田，為田除害也。「䰻」音語居反，亦捕也，應作「䱷」。《玉篇》「䰻，語去反，捕魚也。又作漁。」「䱷」又作「魚」，非也。

The Commentary says: The fourth is the condition of evil livelihood. "Caṇḍāla" means a butcher, one lacking discipline. The correct term is caṇḍāla, which here translates as "stern banner." They decorate themselves with evil karma and carry banners as emblems, ringing bells and holding bamboo to mark themselves. Here, six are listed; the Abhidharmahṛdaya has twelve, namely butchers of sheep, breeders of chickens, breeders of pigs, catchers of fish, catchers of birds, hunters, thieves, executioners, jailers, dragon conjurers, dog butchers, and trackers of game. The Nirvāṇa-sūtra lists sixteen: buying cattle, sheep, pigs, and chickens for profit, fattening them and reselling them, buying them for profit, and slaughtering them after buying them—these make the first eight; ninth, fishing; tenth, hunters; eleventh, robbers; twelfth, executioners; thirteenth, bird catchers; fourteenth, tale-bearers; fifteenth, jailers; sixteenth, dragon conjurers. The Abhidharmasamuccaya, fascicle eight, lists fourteen: butchering sheep, breeding pigs, catching birds, catching fish, hunting deer, netting hares, committing robbery, executioners, slaughtering cattle, binding elephants, erecting altars to conjure dragons, guarding prisons, slandering, and delighting in causing harm, and so forth. The meaning of this passage is that when one's intention is vast, grave, and the harm inflicted is truly deep, scheming for profit to sustain life unceasingly throughout one's days, all are called non-discipline; hence it says "delighting in causing harm, and so forth," and this sūtra therefore calls them "all evil rules of discipline." "Tian" (畋) is pronounced tu-xian fan [tián], meaning taking birds and beasts. Another pronunciation is tu-jian fan [tiàn], as in the flat ground "tian-tian"; here the former is followed. Some write it as "tian" (田), removing pests for the fields. "Yu" (䰻) is pronounced yu-ju fan [yú], also meaning catching; it should be written as "䱷". The Yupian says: "䰻 is pronounced yu-qu fan [yù], meaning catching fish; also written as 漁." Writing "䱷" as "魚" is incorrect.