妙法蓮華經玄贊 2.10

2.10

Second is non-retrogression in delight in exposition, referring to "delight in exposition and eloquence." Eloquence refers to the four eloquences and seven eloquences, in which one takes delight in expounding. The four eloquences are the four unhindered understandings: first, unhindered understanding of dharmas; second, unhindered understanding of meanings—these two are, respectively, the wisdoms unobstructed in understanding teaching and principle. Third, unhindered understanding of expression, which is the wisdom unobstructed in understanding the languages and sounds of various regions. Fourth, unhindered understanding of eloquent exposition, which is the wisdom unobstructed in the seven eloquences such as expounding the Dharma. The seven eloquences are: first, quick eloquence, speaking immediately when needed without stammering. Second, swift eloquence, flowing like a suspended river, without hesitation or dullness. Third, appropriate eloquence, fitting the time and capacity without excess or deficiency. Fourth, faultless eloquence, expounding sūtras without error or distortion. Fifth, uninterrupted eloquence, continuous like an unbroken chain, never exhausting. Sixth, eloquence rich in meaning and flavor in all that is expounded, every word and phrase laden with phenomena and principle. Seventh, supreme and most wonderful eloquence in all the world, possessing the five kinds of voice, such as being profound as thunder and clearly audible from afar. The four unhindered understandings will be explained in the 'Expedient Means Chapter'; their essence mostly consists of the subsequently attained wisdom and the fundamental wisdom, being conditioned by external objects.