觀音玄義 1.42

1.42

問：禪支明喜在前，樂支在後，復云何？答：禪支就從麁入細，此中慶彼得樂，故喜心在後也。復次，外道修四無量，自證禪定，作想虛運，彼無實益，不能令他拔苦得樂，雖自獲定，虛妄世法，報盡還墮，不免於苦，自、他俱無利益。若二乘修四無量，但自拔苦，於他無益，自拔分段未免變易，灰身滅智非究竟樂。今菩薩不爾，非凡夫行、非賢聖行。非凡夫者，不同自受禪樂；非賢聖者，不同自拔於苦。不同自受樂故，即與他樂；不同自拔苦故，即拔他苦。亦是即拔苦是即與樂、即與樂亦即是拔苦，但分別說之，誓願相對，前明拔苦，後明與樂爾。

Question: In the factors of dhyāna, sympathetic joy is explained as preceding, and the factor of joy is placed after; how is it here? Answer: The factors of dhyāna are explained in moving from coarse to subtle; here it is celebrating their attainment of joy, so the mind of sympathetic joy comes after. Furthermore, when non-Buddhists cultivate the four immeasurables, they personally realize dhyāna-concentration and mentally fashion false operations; they have no real benefit and cannot cause others to uproot suffering and attain joy; although they personally obtain concentration, it is a false worldly dharma—when the retribution ends they fall back, unable to escape suffering, bringing benefit to neither self nor other. If those of the two vehicles cultivate the four immeasurables, they merely uproot suffering for themselves and bring no benefit to others; personally uprooting fragmented [birth-and-death], they have not avoided transformative [birth-and-death]; reducing the body to ashes and extinguishing wisdom is not ultimate joy. Now the bodhisattva is not like this: it is neither the practice of ordinary persons nor the practice of worthies and noble ones. Not being ordinary persons means not being identical to experiencing dhyāna joy for oneself; not being worthies and noble ones means not being identical to uprooting suffering only for oneself. Because it is not experiencing joy for oneself, one immediately bestows joy on others; because it is not uprooting suffering only for oneself, one immediately uproots the suffering of others. It is also that uprooting suffering is immediately bestowing joy, and bestowing joy is also immediately uprooting suffering; they are merely expounded distinctively in correspondence to vows: first clarifying uprooting suffering, and later clarifying bestowing joy.