觀音義疏 1.74

1.74

次明修因者，自有惡業名為鬼，自有鬼動三毒。如《阿含》云：「婬亦有鬼，鬼入人心則使人婬佚無度，或鬼使瞋、使邪，當知鬼亦破善。」三毒當體是鬼者，婬破梵行、瞋破慈悲、貪鬼惱不盜戒、嗜鬼惱不飲戒，乃至十善諸禪亦如是，皆為惡業鬼毀損人天動、不動業，若能稱名即不加害也。次明煩惱鬼者，見心為男鬼、愛心為女鬼，若論此鬼即得滿三千大千世界，非復假設之言。何以故？以見使歷三界有八十八、愛歷三界合有九十八，豈不遍滿？此鬼欲來惱二乘人乃至六度通別圓等行人。《大經》云：「唯願世尊，善良呪師，當為我等除無明鬼。」又云：「愚癡羅剎止住其中」，豈非煩惱鬼耶？若稱名誦念，觀智成就，能令見愛塵勞隨意所轉，不能為害也。

Next, clarifying the cultivation of causes: unwholesome karma is itself called a ghost, and there are ghosts that stir up the three poisons. As the Āgama says: 'Lust also has ghosts; when a ghost enters a person's mind, it causes that person to engage in unbounded licentiousness; or a ghost makes one angry, or makes one perverse. One should know that ghosts also destroy wholesome [qualities].' As for the three poisons intrinsically being ghosts: lust destroys pure conduct, anger destroys loving-kindness and compassion, the ghost of greed torments the precept of non-stealing, the ghost of craving torments the precept of non-drinking, and so on up to the ten wholesome actions and the various dhyānas, which are also like this—all being unwholesome karmic ghosts damaging the movable and immovable karmas of humans and devas. If one can call upon the name, they will not inflict harm. Next, clarifying the ghosts of afflictions: the mind of [false] views is a male ghost, and the mind of craving is a female ghost. If one discusses these ghosts, they can indeed fill the great trichiliocosm; this is no longer hypothetical speech. Why is this? Because the view entanglements running through the three realms number eighty-eight, and the craving entanglements running through the three realms total ninety-eight. How could they not fully pervade? These ghosts come seeking to torment practitioners of the two vehicles, and up to practitioners of the six perfections, Common, Separate, and Perfect [teachings]. The Great Sūtra says: 'We only pray that the World-Honoured One, the good mantra master, will eliminate the ghost of fundamental ignorance for our sake.' It also says: 'Ignorant rākṣasas dwell within it.' How are these not ghosts of afflictions? If one calls upon the name and recites it mindfully, contemplation-wisdom is accomplished, able to turn the dust and toils of views and craving at will, so they cannot cause harm.