華嚴經探玄記 3.53

3.53

初明種類者，小乘唯有一類娑婆等界，無別淨土。三乘中有二：一約佛自住處，有三：一法性土；二實德土，謂妙行等；三色相土，謂勝寶等。後二為自受用土。此三非是攝化處故，此中不辨也。二約佛攝化處，亦有三：一化身土，此有二：一染，謂此娑婆等，此約釋迦；二淨，謂餘方化土，此約餘佛。二變染土，謂足指案地等。三他受用土，謂十八圓滿等。初中二：若依始教，唯有百億閻浮、百億釋迦為攝化境。若依終教，如《智論》中以三千大千世界為一數，數至恒沙為一世界性，數此性復至恒沙為一世界海，數此復至恒沙為一世界種，數此復至無量恒沙為一佛世界。所化分齊，其受用土，若始教，在色界頂，為引小乘同界說故。若依終教，不在三界，如《涅槃》云「西方去此三十二恒河沙佛土，有世界名無勝，是釋迦佛實報淨土。」又於一切須彌樓山世界畔間，往往數有一淨佛土，此通報化，為引眾生。三依一乘，有二：一約果，分十佛自體國土海，此當不可說，寄緣說十，如第二會說；二約攝化處，有三類：一、從須彌山界及樹形等已去，乃至一切眾生形世界海，為第一類；二、三千界外別有十世界：一世界性、二世界海、三世界輪、四世界圓滿、五世界分別、六世界旋、七世界轉、八世界蓮華、九世界須彌、十世界相，此等當萬子已去輪王境界，為第二類；三、十蓮華藏莊嚴世界海，具足主伴如帝網等，是佛境界，為第三類。此上三類通有十事，為首成世界。一說世界海、二起具因緣世界海、三住世界海、四形世界海、五體世界海、六莊嚴世界海、七清淨世界海、八如來出世世界海、九劫世界海、十壞方便世界海。

First, explaining the types: In the Hīnayāna, there is only one type, namely worlds like the Sahā world, and no separate pure land. In the three vehicles there are two categories: First, regarding the Buddha's own dwelling place, there are three: 1. dharmatā land; 2. land of real virtues, meaning wondrous practices and the like; 3. land of visible forms and marks, meaning sublime jewels and the like. The latter two are lands of self-enjoyment. Since these three are not places for gathering and transforming [beings], they are not discerned here. Second, regarding the Buddha's places for gathering and transforming [beings], there are also three: 1. nirmāṇakāya land, which has two kinds: defiled, meaning this Sahā world and so forth, which is from the perspective of Śākyamuni; and pure, meaning transformation lands in other directions, which is from the perspective of other Buddhas. 2. Transformed defiled land, such as pressing the earth with the toe. 3. Other-enjoyment land, meaning the eighteen perfections and so forth. Within the first there are two: According to the Initial Teaching, there are only ten billion Jambudvīpas and ten billion Śākyamunis as the domain of gathering and transformation. According to the Final Teaching, as in the Dà zhìdù lùn, taking a trichiliocosm as one unit, counting up to Ganges sands makes one world-nature; counting these natures again up to Ganges sands makes one world-ocean; counting these again up to Ganges sands makes one world-species; counting these again up to immeasurable Ganges sands makes one Buddha world. As for the bounds of what is transformed, its enjoyment land, according to the Initial Teaching, is at the summit of the form realm, spoken in order to guide the Hīnayāna by sharing the same realm. According to the Final Teaching, it is not within the three realms, as the Nirvāṇa [Sūtra] says: "To the west, separated from here by thirty-two Ganges-sands of Buddha lands, there is a world named Invincible; this is Śākyamuni Buddha's pure land of real reward." Furthermore, at intervals around the borders of all Mount Sumeru worlds, here and there there is frequently a pure Buddha land; this applies to both reward and transformation, in order to guide sentient beings. Third, according to the One Vehicle, there are two categories: 1. In terms of the fruit, dividing the ocean of lands of the ten Buddhas' own essence: this should be ineffable, yet relies on conditions to speak of ten, as explained in the second assembly. 2. In terms of places of gathering and transformation, there are three kinds: (1) from the Mount Sumeru world and tree shapes onward, up to the ocean of worlds shaped like all sentient beings, constitutes the first kind; (2) outside the trichiliocosms there are separately ten worlds: world-nature, world-ocean, world-wheel, world-perfection, world-differentiation, world-rotation, world-revolution, world-lotus, world-Sumeru, and world-marks—these correspond to the realm of a wheel-turning king from ten thousand sons onward, constituting the second kind; (3) the ocean of worlds adorned with the ten Padmagarbahs, fully equipped with host and retinue like Indra's net, which is the Buddha's realm, constituting the third kind. The above three kinds universally possess ten matters that take the lead in forming the worlds: 1. the ocean of spoken worlds; 2. the ocean of worlds whose arising possesses causes and conditions; 3. the ocean of worlds that abide; 4. the ocean of worlds with shapes; 5. the ocean of worlds with substance; 6. the ocean of worlds with adornments; 7. the ocean of worlds with purity; 8. the ocean of worlds where Tathāgatas appear; 9. the ocean of worlds with kalpas; 10. the ocean of worlds with expedients of destruction.