華嚴經探玄記 2.10

2.10

Second, 'Buddha': the meaning of awakening, which has two types, namely original awakening and acquired awakening. Furthermore, the treatise states: 'Like a lotus opening, like awakening from sleep, and so forth.' The former awakens to the knowable, and the latter awakens from afflictions. Or there are three awakenings, meaning self, other, and completion; that is, one who possesses awakening is called an Awakened One. Or he is called bhagavān, which has four meanings, as in the Dà zhìdù lùn: first, possessing virtue, for bhaga means virtue and vān means possessing; second, skillfully distinguishing, for bhaga means distinguishing and vān means skillfully; third, having fame, for bhaga means fame and vān means having; fourth, able to destroy lust, anger, and delusion, for bhaga means able to destroy and vān means lust and the like. Among these four, the first is general, and the latter three are particular. Among the particulars, the first is the virtue of wisdom, the next is the virtue of merit, and the last is the virtue of eradication. Furthermore, the Buddhabhūmi-vyākhyāna explains with six meanings; its verse says: 'Sovereignty, blazing splendor, and dignity; / Renown, auspiciousness, and supreme veneration: / Possessing the distinctions of these six meanings, / He is therefore collectively named bhagavān.' This is extensively explained as in that treatise. Furthermore, Tripiṭaka Master Paramārtha cited the *Tattvasiddhi-śāstra* with ten meanings of explanation, Buddha meaning awakened, supreme, heavenly drum, and so forth. Third, the place: the country is general and the site is specific. The Dà zhìdù lùn says: 'In the country of Magadha, by the Nairañjanā River, in the village of Uruvilvā, he attained anuttarasamyaksaṃbodhi,' and so forth. This is named the Country of Non-Harm, because in this country whoever commits an offense is only banished and punished, without execution. Resorting to this represents the characteristic of the great Dharma's compassionate rescue. Or it is called the Country of Excellent Victory. Or it is said: Magha is the name of a constellation, translated as 'not evil,' governing the twelfth month; dha means place; hence it is named the country of the not-evil place, and also the country of the constellation place. 'Quiescence' (śānti) has four meanings: first, cessation of hindrances, meaning cessation of nature and cessation by antidote; second, realizing the principle of cessation; third, revealing its virtue of cessation, meaning manifesting the Buddha's ten bodies and the dharmas of Samantabhadra and so forth, as the sūtra says: 'Because the great parinirvāṇa can establish the great meaning'; fourth, benefiting beings so as to accomplish cessation; this can be known. 'Bodhimaṇḍa' also has four types: first, the concrete physical site; second, practice, as the sūtra says: 'Giving is the bodhimaṇḍa,' and so forth; third, principle, as the Vimalakīrtinirdeśa Sūtra says: 'All dharmas are the bodhimaṇḍa, because one knows all dharmas are empty,' and so forth; fourth, pervading all dharmas, meaning everything in terms of persons, dharmas, and so forth, applied accordingly, the place where all attain the Way is named bodhimaṇḍa, an interpretation by genitive compound (tatpuruṣa). It is also like a worldly threshing ground, which sifts out the chaff and filth and selects the genuine; here it is also like this: eradicating delusions and accomplishing virtues, also attaining the Way is itself the ground (bodhi-maṇḍa), thus an interpretation by appositional compound (karmadhāraya) accordingly. As for the concrete physical site, as the Abhidharmakośa-bhāṣya says: 'In the center of Jambudvīpa, rising from the diamond ground is the diamond seat (vajrāsana), piercing through the ground of Jambudvīpa and level with its upper surface, where all bodhisattvas cultivate the vajra-samādhi. Why? Because there is no other support that can endure this samādhi.' 'All bodhisattvas' refers to the thousand bodhisattvas of the Bhadrakalpa.