大方廣佛華嚴經疏 5.9

5.9

Eighth, regarding presence and absence: there are also ten categories. First, in terms of the realms: there is no formless realm. Second, in terms of destinies: there is no hell. This is because these two are not vessels. If considered in terms of rebirth, there are heavenly sons from hell; if considered in terms of those benefited, it also extends to the formless realm, as all three realms are benefited. Third, in terms of continents: only Jambudvīpa is listed, because the other three are omitted for brevity, or because they constitute places of adversity. Fourth, in terms of vehicles: there are no two vehicles, because this is an uncommon teaching, and because later, to reveal the Dharma, [they are shown] neither to see nor hear [it]. The *Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa* states: 'If it is a Hīnayāna sūtra, the beginning lists only śrāvakas; if it is a Mahāyāna sūtra, the beginning fully lists both bodhisattvas and śrāvakas; if it is an Ekayāna sūtra, the beginning lists only bodhisattvas.' Hence it indicates this sūtra as the uncommon teaching. Alternatively, where a Mahāyāna sūtra lists only the lesser [disciples], it is to attract and guide them, as in the *Vajracchedikā*; or where it lists only the great, it still belongs to the Mahāyāna because host and retinue are not both complete; when host and retinue are complete, it must be the Ekayāna. Fifth, in terms of assemblies: there are no fourfold assemblies, because the lesser teaching has not yet been spoken. Sixth, in terms of rulers: there are no human kings, because the kings did not yet know. Seventh, in terms of the three determinations: there are none of the wrongly determined, because their hindrances obstruct them, and those of the class born blind receive only subtle benefit. Eighth, in terms of internal and external: there are no non-Buddhists, because it is beyond their fathom. Ninth, in terms of the devas: there are no non-conceptual [devas], because they enter wrong concentration. Tenth, in terms of good and evil: there are no evil māras, because they do not commit harm, being subsumed within the devas. The above ten are provisionally spoken according to marks. In perfect interpenetration they must be present, and so nothing is unprovided for.