大方廣佛華嚴經疏 9.11

9.11

Second, from "Furthermore, in the ten directions…" onward, they invoke precedents and cite phenomena in making the request. This is also divided into two: first, invoking precedents, and second, the concluding request. Now, the first part is divided into two: the first ten clauses ask about the universal pervasiveness of transformative functions, and the latter ten clauses ask about the profundity and vastness of causal virtues. Now, in the first part, the text has only nine, lacking the ocean of establishment. 1. The "ocean of worlds" is the locus of transformative function, as in the "Chapter on the Padmagarbha." 2. The "ocean of sentient beings" is the capacity of those who are transformed, namely what is contained within the kṣetras. 3. According to the answer and the verses, it is named the "ocean of the establishment of the dharmadhātu"; as the "Chapter on the Formation of Worlds" clarifies generally the ocean of that which is established by the dharmadhātu, its arising and full causes and conditions, etc. Regarding the causes and conditions, Xianshou says: "They are the dharmas born of transformation. They are also because the previous two are posited and established within the dharmadhātu." All sūtras and treatises state that conventional truth is established truth (saṃvṛti-satya). However, for the word "establishment," the Sanskrit is *naya*, which contains many meanings: sometimes called principle/trend, sometimes skillful means, sometimes rule, sometimes dharma-gate, sometimes establishment; hence we know it is the established rule. 4. The "ocean of Buddhas" is the transforming master, as extensively listing their names in the "Chapter on the Padmagarbha," and also like the "Chapter on the Inconceivable" and others. 5. The "ocean of pāramitās" is the practice accomplished through transformation, as in the "Chapter on Leaving the World." 6. The "ocean of the Buddha's liberations" is the fruit attained through transformation, as in the "Chapter on the Dharmadhātu." 7. The "ocean of the Buddha's transformations" refers to spiritual metamorphoses meeting the occasion to transform sentient beings who are difficult to transform, which is transformation through physical karma. Such as being unmoving across the assemblies yet all-pervasive, and the asamphiyeyas of physical karma in the prose of the "Chapter on Enlightenment through Radiance," are all such passages. 8. The "ocean of the Buddha's expositions" refers to teaching the Dharma in accordance with faculties, which is transformation through verbal karma, as in the "Chapter on the Four Truths." 9. The "ocean of the Buddha's names" refers to establishing designations according to capacity, as in the "Chapter on Names." 10. The "ocean of the Buddha's lifespan" refers to the length or shortness of remaining in the world as felt according to capacity, as in the "Chapter on Lifespan."