大方廣佛華嚴經隨疏演義鈔 28.53

28.53

疏「無能說過」者，即《大薩遮尼乾子所說經》第四卷。有嚴熾王請薩遮入宮供養。因問云：「頗有人於眾生界中聰明大智利根黠慧有罪過不？」答言：「有。」下有十重問答，大意皆同。一問是誰？一云能雨婆羅門，聰明大智，常多婬欲喜侵他妻。二頗羅墮婆羅門，多睡。三黑王子，多嫉妬。四勝仙王子，多殺生。五無畏王子，慈心太過。六力過王子，飲酒太過。七婆藪天王子，行事太過。八大仙王子，貪心太過。九大天王子，輕躁戲笑放逸太過。十波斯匿王，食噉太過。第十一問：「還更有不？」答云：「王亦有過，謂太暴惡急卒。」王聞大怒，令殺尼乾。尼乾驚怖乞容一言，云：「我亦有過，實語太過。大王黠慧之人，不應於一切時常行實語，觀其可不。我於暴卒人前出其實語，故為太過。」王悟悔過，更問之曰：「頗有聰明大智利根無有過不？」答言：「有。」問：「誰是？」答云：「沙門瞿曇。此一無過。我四圍陀經中說：釋種沙門無有過失，所謂生在大富家不可譏嫌。何以故？是轉輪王種故。種姓豪貴不可譏嫌，以甘蔗種姓家生故。福德莊嚴不可譏嫌，三十二相八十種好莊嚴身故。」下廣說如來具大慈悲、無礙辯才、十力無畏諸不共德，廣說三十二相八十種好一切功德，云：「唯此一人無有過失。」則顯餘皆不免，故今疏云「無能說過」。王聞發心。

Regarding the commentary's statement, "None can speak of faults": this refers to the fourth fascicle of the Da sajie niganzi suoshuo jing. King Yan Chi invited Satyaka to enter his palace to receive offerings. In connection with this, he asked: "Is there anyone in the realm of sentient beings who, being clever, of great wisdom, of sharp faculties, and shrewd, has faults and transgressions?" He replied: "There is." Below there are ten rounds of questions and answers, the general idea being the same throughout. The first asked who it was. One answer said: "The rain-capable brāhmaṇa, clever and of great wisdom, is constantly full of sexual desire and fond of violating others' wives." Second, the Bharadvāja brāhmaṇa is given to excessive sleep. Third, Prince Kṛṣṇa is given to excessive jealousy. Fourth, Prince Jinajñāna is given to excessive killing. Fifth, Prince Abhaya is given to excessive compassion. Sixth, Prince Balādhika is given to excessive drinking of wine. Seventh, Prince Vasudeva is given to excessive worldly actions. Eighth, Prince Mahāṛṣi is given to excessive greed. Ninth, Prince Mahādeva is given to excessive levity, laughing, and negligence. Tenth, King Prasenajit is given to excessive eating. The eleventh asked: "Is there still anyone else?" He replied: "The king also has a fault, which is being too cruel, violent, and hasty." Hearing this, the king was furious and ordered that the nirgrantha be killed. The nirgrantha was terrified and begged to say one word, saying: "I also have a fault, which is being too excessively truthful. A shrewd person like the great king should not always speak the truth at all times; one must observe whether it is suitable or not. Speaking the truth in front of a violent and hasty person was therefore an excess." The king came to an understanding and repented of his error, asking him further: "Is there anyone clever, of great wisdom, and of sharp faculties who has no faults?" He replied: "There is." The king asked: "Who is it?" He replied: "The śramaṇa Gautama. This one alone has no faults. In my Four Vedas, it is said: The śramaṇa of the Śākya clan has no errors or faults, meaning that being born in a great and wealthy family, he cannot be criticized or faulted. Why? Because he is of the wheel-turning king's lineage. His lineage is noble and eminent, beyond reproach, because he was born into the sugarcane lineage. His adornment of merits and virtues cannot be criticized or faulted, because his body is adorned with the thirty-two marks and eighty minor characteristics." Below, it extensively speaks of the Tathāgata possessing great compassion, unimpeded eloquence, the ten powers, fearlessnesses, and various uncommon virtues, extensively expounding the thirty-two marks, eighty minor characteristics, and all merits, saying: "Only this single person has no faults." This shows that all others are not exempt; thus the commentary now says, "None can speak of faults." Hearing this, the king generated the aspiration for enlightenment.