大方廣佛華嚴經隨疏演義鈔 29.45

29.45

疏「若以小數計有萬億」者，小數即下等十十變也，謂十小千為萬，百小千為億，千小千為中千，已有十億。更千中千為一大千，一千中千即有千箇十億，故為萬億。疏「今約中數」者，謂從千已上方百百變之，謂百小千方為一萬，千箇小千為中千方是十萬，十箇中千始為百萬方是一億。既十中千為一億，今有千箇中千，故有百億耳。「故唐三藏」下，二引證。既譯百億為百俱胝，俱胝存其梵言，億是此語，故二義同。次引測公三種俱胝，證百億為百俱胝。言「或至百數」者，即三千有百億是也，以千萬為俱胝故。「或至千數」者，以百萬為俱胝，謂小數數之。中千有百萬箇小千方是一億，今大千有千中千故為千億。「或至百千」者，即以十萬為一俱胝，故中千已有百俱胝，千箇中千方為大千，大千則有百千俱胝也。故疏云唐三藏譯是千萬為俱胝，故三千有百俱胝，俱胝即億。疏「又依俱舍」下，三會釋俱胝不同。言「俱舍譯洛叉為億」者，亦是十一論釋水輪云「次上水輪深十一億二萬，下八洛叉水，餘凝結成金。」初以唐言云十一億二萬由旬，下句梵語云下八洛叉水，則八億由旬為水，三億二萬由旬為金，故知洛叉為億也。下〈阿僧祇品〉云「一百洛叉為一俱胝」，則俱胝義當於兆。良以俱胝有三等故，則《俱舍》洛叉云億，當十萬云億。下云一百洛叉為一俱胝，則當千萬云億也。

As for the commentary's statement, "If calculated according to the small scale, there are ten thousand billions (yi)": the "small scale" is the lower grade where the changes proceed by tens. That is to say, ten small-thousand [worlds] make a myriad (wan; ten thousand), one hundred small-thousand make an yi (one hundred thousand), and one thousand small-thousand make a medium-thousand [world-system], which already amounts to ten yi (one million). Further, one thousand medium-thousand [world-systems] make one great-thousand [world-system]; thus, one thousand medium-thousand has a thousand times ten yi, which makes ten thousand yi. As for the commentary's statement, "Now, based on the medium scale": this means that from one thousand upwards, it changes by hundreds. That is to say, one hundred small-thousand first makes one myriad (ten thousand); one thousand small-thousand makes a medium-thousand, which first makes one hundred thousand; ten medium-thousand first makes one million, which first makes one yi (ten million). Since ten medium-thousand make one yi, now having one thousand medium-thousand, there are consequently one hundred yi (one billion). The text from "Therefore the Tang Tripiṭaka Master..." downward secondly cites evidence. Since he translated "one hundred yi" as "one hundred koṭis", with koṭi retaining its Sanskrit term and yi being this [Chinese] language's term, the two meanings are therefore the same. Next, it cites Master Ce's three kinds of koṭis to prove that one hundred yi is one hundred koṭis. The phrase "sometimes reaching the number of a hundred" refers to the three-thousand [great-thousand world-system] having one hundred yi, because ten million is taken as a koṭi. "Sometimes reaching the number of a thousand" refers to taking one million as a koṭi, which is counting by the small scale. In a medium-thousand there are one million small-thousand, which only then makes one yi; now the great-thousand has one thousand medium-thousand, so it makes one thousand yi. "Sometimes reaching one hundred thousand" refers to taking one hundred thousand as one koṭi; thus a medium-thousand already has one hundred koṭis, and only one thousand medium-thousand makes a great-thousand, so a great-thousand then has one hundred thousand koṭis. Therefore the commentary says that what the Tang Tripiṭaka Master translated takes ten million as a koṭi, and so the three-thousand [great-thousand world-system] has one hundred koṭis; a koṭi is simply an yi. The text from the commentary's "Furthermore, according to the Kośa..." downward thirdly reconciles and explains the differences regarding koṭis. The statement "The Kośa translates lakṣa as yi" also comes from the eleventh fascicle of the treatise explaining the water circle: "Above that, the water circle is eleven yi and twenty thousand [yojanas] deep; below, eight lakṣas are water, and the remainder condenses to form gold." The first part uses the Tang language to say "eleven yi and twenty thousand yojanas," while the lower clause uses the Sanskrit term to say "the lower eight lakṣas are water"; thus, eight yi yojanas are water, and three yi and twenty thousand yojanas are gold. From this, we know that lakṣa is translated as yi. Below, in the "Asaṃkhyeya Chapter," it says, "One hundred lakṣas make one koṭi"; thus the meaning of koṭi corresponds to a zhao (trillion). Because there are indeed three grades of koṭi, the Kośa's calling a lakṣa an yi corresponds to calling one hundred thousand an yi. When it says below that one hundred lakṣas make one koṭi, it corresponds to calling ten million an yi.