大方廣佛華嚴經隨疏演義鈔 43.26

43.26

疏「謙尊而光卑而不可踰」者，即《周易．謙卦》云「謙，亨，君子有終吉。」彖曰「謙，亨，天道下濟而光明，地道卑而上行。天道虧盈而益謙，地道變盈而流謙。鬼神害盈而福謙，人道惡盈而好謙。謙尊而光卑而不可踰，君子之終也。」象曰「地中有山謙，君子以褒多益寡，稱物平施。」釋曰：上所引文，其相並顯。但謙之象，地在上、山在下，山合出地，今入地下，謙之象也。又言褒多者，褒，聚也，聚其多而益其寡，是益謙義，故為平施。若王注云「多者用謙以為褒，少者用謙以為益。隨物所施，不失平者也。謙下者，忍之本也。」

Regarding the Commentary's statement, "Modest in honor and brilliant; lowly yet cannot be surpassed": This is from the Book of Changes, the hexagram Qian (Modesty), which states: "Modesty: success. The gentleman has a good ending." The Tuan Commentary states: "'Modesty: success.' The way of Heaven aids below and is brilliant; the way of Earth is lowly and moves upward. The way of Heaven diminishes fullness and augments modesty; the way of Earth transforms fullness and flows to modesty. Ghosts and spirits harm fullness and bring fortune to modesty; the way of humans dislikes fullness and loves modesty. Modest in honor and brilliant; lowly yet cannot be surpassed: this is the end of the gentleman." The Xiang Commentary states: "Within the earth there is a mountain: Modesty. The gentleman, by diminishing the excessive and augmenting the deficient, weighs things and distributes them evenly." Explication: In the text cited above, the characteristics are all apparent. Regarding the image of Qian, the earth is above and the mountain is below; a mountain ought to rise above the earth, but now it enters below the earth—this is the image of Modesty. Furthermore, regarding "diminishing the excessive [reading 褒 as 裒/diminish or gather]": bao means to gather; gathering what is excessive and adding to what is deficient has the meaning of augmenting modesty, hence it is "distributing evenly." According to Wang Bi's commentary: "Regarding what is excessive, one employs modesty to bring restraint; regarding what is deficient, one employs modesty to augment it. Distributing according to the thing, one does not lose balance. Being modest and self-effacing is the root of patience."