大方廣佛華嚴經隨疏演義鈔 81.27

81.27

疏「涅槃喻以毒塗之鼓」者，即第九經〈如來性品〉，南經亦第九即〈菩薩品〉，文云「譬如有人以雜毒藥用塗大鼓，於眾人中擊令發聲。雖無心欲聞，聞之皆死。唯除一人不橫死者，不橫死者即一闡提人。」釋曰：彼經猶揀闡提。此意取不欲聞，以喻不信而得益耳。《法華》不輕，可知。「菩薩之名起自聞謗之日」者，亦即此卷，「答云：云何未發心而名為菩薩？如日光明，諸明中大。大涅槃光能入眾生諸毛孔，故眾生雖無菩提之心，而能為作菩提因緣。」迦葉問言：「云何未發心而作菩提因緣？」次如來舉夢中見羅剎喻。初聞不信，夢中羅剎令其發心，云：「汝若不發菩提心者，當斷汝命。」寤已發心。或於三塗續復憶念發菩提心，即大菩薩也。生公云：「菩薩之名起自聞謗之日」。

On the commentary's: "The Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra compares it to a drum smeared with poison": this is from the ninth fascicle, the "Chapter on the Tathāgata-Nature"—in the Southern edition it is also the ninth, the "Bodhisattva Chapter." The text says: "It is like a person who smears a great drum with blended poison and beats it among the multitude to make a sound. Although they have no intention to hear it, upon hearing it all die, except for one person who does not die an untimely death; the one who does not die an untimely death is an icchantika person." In explanation: that sūtra still excludes the icchantika. The intent here takes 'having no intention to hear' to illustrate attaining benefit without believing. The "Never Disparaging" of the Lotus Sūtra can be known. As for "The name of 'bodhisattva' arises from the day of hearing and slandering": this is also from this fascicle: "The answer says: 'Why is one who has not yet generated the mind called a bodhisattva? Like the light of the sun, which is the greatest among lights, the light of the Mahānirvāṇa can enter all hair-pores of sentient beings; therefore, although sentient beings have no bodhicitta, it can serve as a cause and condition for bodhi.'" Kāśyapa asked, saying: "How does not having generated the mind serve as a cause and condition for bodhi?" Next, the Tathāgata adduces the simile of seeing a rākṣasa in a dream. At first upon hearing he did not believe, but in a dream a rākṣasa makes him generate the mind, saying: "If you do not generate bodhicitta, I shall cut off your life!" Upon awakening he generates the mind; or in the three destinies he successively remembers and generates bodhicitta—this is a great bodhisattva. Master [Dao]sheng said: "The name of 'bodhisattva' arises from the day of hearing and slandering."