大方廣佛華嚴經隨疏演義鈔 38.8

38.8

Regarding the commentary's phrase "If proceeding from that which illustrates the analogy, it may be a tatpuruṣa compound": because the analogy is of an inferior phenomenon. This one is opened out from within the tatpuruṣa compound. However, the doctrine of the six compound analyses appears frequently above and below; now it shall be briefly brought forth. In the Western region, explaining names has six kinds: 1. tatpuruṣa, 2. karmadhāraya, 3. bahuvrīhi, 4. dvandva, 5. dvigu, 6. avyayībhāva (neighboring). Because these six compound analyses have analysis and synthesis, each and every one possesses both. If it is a single-character name, it is not within the six compound analyses, because it cannot form the characteristic of analysis and synthesis. First, tatpuruṣa (dependent on the master): the support acts as the master. For example, speaking of eye-consciousness: consciousness arises dependent upon the eye, which is the consciousness of the eye; hence it is called eye-consciousness, invoking the eye as the master to indicate the consciousness. It is also called an 'adherent compound' (yīshì shì): this is taking another's name in part, as in naming material consciousness. Just as a son taking his father's name is called tatpuruṣa, if a father takes his son's name, it is called an adherent compound, because the support is inferior. The characteristic of analysis and synthesis: 'analysis' means the eye is the faculty and the consciousness is discernment; 'synthesis' means the two combined are named eye-consciousness. The remaining five analyses and syntheses should be understood by analogy. Karmadhāraya: for example, speaking of storehouse consciousness: consciousness is the essence, and storehouse is the operational function. The function can manifest the essence, and the essence can sustain the function; the storehouse is itself the consciousness, hence it is called storehouse consciousness; thus it is called karmadhāraya. It is also called a compound of identical locus: storehouse takes the function of containing, and consciousness takes the function of discernment; these two share a single locus, hence it is said 'identical locus'. Bahuvrīhi: it obtains its name from that which it possesses. First, as with Buddha, translated here as 'awakened one': one who possesses awakening is named the awakened one; this is taking another's name in part. Second, as with *Kośa-abhidharmakośa*: Abhidharmakośa is the title of the root treatise; because it was composed relying on the root Abhidharmakośa, this is also called the *Abhidharmakośa Treatise*; this is taking another's name entirely, and is also called a bahuvrīhi compound. Dvandva: for example, speaking of eye and ear, etc.; their respective referents are each primary and do not subordinate to one another; hence they are said to be coordinate. Because of having the two words 'and' or 'with', they do not carry the meaning of the previous two compounds; they can encompass dvigu and bahuvrīhi. Dvigu: revealing meaning through number, it encompasses three compounds. For example, five aggregates, two truths, etc.: five is the aggregates, two is the truths; using itself for its name, this is a karmadhāraya-dvigu. Like the six consciousnesses including the eye consciousness, taking both self and other for its name, this is a tatpuruṣa-dvigu. As when five karmas are spoken of as the five unmitigated [hells]: 'unmitigated' is the fruit; speaking of the fruit through the cause, this takes another's name entirely, which is a bahuvrīhi-dvigu. Avyayībhāva (neighboring): named from proximity. For example, the four applications of mindfulness take wisdom as their essence; because wisdom is proximate to mindfulness, they are named applications of mindfulness. Since it is neighboring, it differs from using itself for its name and lacks the karmadhāraya meaning, but encompasses the other two compounds. First, a tatpuruṣa neighboring compound: for instance, someone lives near Chang'an, and someone asks: 'Where do you live?' He replies: 'I live in Chang'an.' This person is not Chang'an, but because he is near Chang'an, he says 'I live in Chang'an.' Because he partially takes another's name, it is a tatpuruṣa neighboring compound. Second, a bahuvrīhi neighboring compound: for example, if asked, 'A person of where?' he replies: 'Chang'an.' Taking another place entirely to designate the person's name is bahuvrīhi; because he is near Chang'an, it is also called neighboring. The verse says: 'Using self, using other, / Using neither self nor other, / Encompassing two, encompassing three kinds: / Such are the six compound analyses.' However, subsequent chapters mostly use the standard names, simply saying tatpuruṣa, karmadhāraya, etc., which can be grasped by their sense.