新華嚴經論 26.9

26.9

The eighth section, consisting of two and a half lines of the sūtra text, generally explains that the twelve links of existence together constitute the three kinds of suffering. First, ignorance, volitional formations, and the six sense faculties are the suffering of conditioned existence (saṃskāra-duḥkhatā); this is because they unceasingly pursue objects in confusion, hence they are the suffering of conditioned existence. Second, contact and feeling are the suffering of suffering (duḥkha-duḥkhatā); this explains that when experiencing various contacts, attachment and aversion arise to produce suffering. Because there is already suffering when contact is experienced, and then greed, longing, and resentment are further added, suffering is aggravated by further suffering. As for the rest being the suffering of change (vipariṇāma-duḥkhatā), among the twelve links of existence, seven—namely name-and-form, consciousness, grasping, craving, becoming, birth, and aging-and-death—are the suffering of change. Just by contemplating that with the cessation of ignorance, volitional formations cease, the three kinds of suffering cease, and the twelve links of existence cease.