新華嚴經論 28.3

28.3

Ninth, knowing the various characteristics of all dormant defilements is stated as a whole. As for dormant defilements, this explains being constantly associated with defilement and confusion without a single thought of clear awakening, which is called dormant defilements. That is to say, the characteristic of co-arising with the defiled mind explains that due to name-and-form co-arising with the mind, being deluded that this name-and-form arises from one's own mind and grasping it as externally existent, one consequently gives rise to a defiled mind; because it arises together with name-and-form, it is said to co-arise with the mind. As for the differentiated characteristics of being associated and unassociated with the mind: this explains that one can completely know the differentiated characteristics of all sentient beings' minds being associated and unassociated with objects. As for the characteristic of following for a long time and not being uprooted from the beginningless past: this explains constantly being with the five aggregates and twelve links from the beginningless past, never for a single thought awakening the mind to contemplate and uproot them. As for the characteristic of conflicting with all dhyānas, liberations, samādhis, samāpattis, and supernatural powers: when the mind and objects have no nature and nothing can be moved, that is called dhyāna; when the mind vanishes, all bonds are extinguished, which is called liberation; samādhi means being without sinking or agitation; samāpatti means right wisdom; supernatural powers mean that right concentration without distraction is in accord, and right wisdom with supernatural powers without hindrance is naturally in accord. This explains that dormant defilements conflict with these, and the characteristics of continuous birth and bondage in the three realms are all seen and known. As for the characteristic of causing boundless minds to continuously arise: this is due to dormant defilements. As for the characteristic of opening the doors of the various sense bases: due to dormant defilements, the doors of taking birth in the three realms and six destinies are opened. As for the characteristic of being firm and difficult to cure: this is because grasping is deep and ignorance is heavy. As for the characteristic of being deluded regarding the fundamental wisdom ground and being accomplished or unaccomplished: this explains the characteristics of being accomplished or unaccomplished among the ten kinds. As for the characteristic of only being uprooted by the noble path: this explains that the above dormant defilements cannot be relieved and uprooted except by the noble path. The above explains this stage's bodhisattva knowing the characteristics of dormant defilements.