新華嚴經論 3.46

3.46

Ninth, the shared and unshared teaching: When the various Mahāyāna sūtras are expounded, humans, devas, and the three vehicles hear them together, yet their benefits gained are distinct. Furthermore, the Avataṃsaka Sūtra states: 'On the tip of a single hair, and within a single speck of dust, Buddhas turn the wheel of the Dharma, and sentient beings understand differently.' The sūtra also states: 'A bodhisattva achieves equal, right awakening within the body of a tiny sentient being, and turns the wheel of the Dharma to deliver immeasurable sentient beings, yet that tiny sentient being neither knows nor perceives it.' This is to be constantly shared with sentient beings, and for the great and small vehicles to be together within the Buddha-ocean. Body and mind are fundamentally without distinction, yet seeing the Buddha or not seeing the Buddha, hearing the Dharma or not hearing the Dharma, the size of liberation and knowledge and vision, and suffering and pleasure are each different; therefore, it is called the shared and unshared teaching. Again, the sūtra states: 'Entering the samādhi of the limit of a kṣaṇa, he manifests descending in spirit from the Tuṣita heaven into the mother's womb, appearing, turning the wheel of the Dharma, and entering nirvāṇa.' This means that within that which has no time, sentient beings themselves obtain divisions of time, seeing beginning, middle, and end. Within the dharma of a single sound, they themselves obtain human and deva [states], the Small Vehicle, the Great Vehicle, and the Buddha Vehicle, and themselves obtain the fruits of the Way, each different. Seeing the Buddha abide for kalpas and receive a lifespan, long or short, each is distinct. Yet in reality the Tathāgata's nature is without fabrication, without birth and without death; but through the inherently pure wisdom of the unconditioned, stainless, pure white dharma-nature, which is fundamentally identical in essence with all sentient beings, he matches what sentient beings ought to hear without contravening their thoughts. Because the wisdom of dharma-nature is fundamentally without fabrication, through the sovereignty of the wisdom of dharma-nature it can match their thoughts, allowing no loss of time. In this way the Buddha is shared, the Dharma is shared, wisdom is shared, time is shared, the body is shared, the mind is shared, and the vehicle is shared; yet because knowledge, vision, and liberation are each unshared, it is called the shared and unshared teaching. It is also like the five hundred śrāvakas being together in the Avataṃsaka assembly yet being like the deaf and the blind—this is that matter.