勝鬘寶窟 1.55

1.55

第十大小門。小乘無重受，大乘有重受。小乘有捨戒，大乘無捨戒。小乘有簡眾，大乘無簡眾，故奴婢畜生解佛語者皆得受戒。小乘二師十師二十師，大乘唯一師。小乘防二業，大乘防三業。小乘盡一形，大乘至佛果。小乘隨犯漸制，大乘未犯頓制。小乘戒有定數，如從十戒乃至五百；大乘不定，或六重，或八重二十八輕，或四十二種，或十重四十八輕。《涅槃疏》內具會其同異也。

Tenth, the section on the Small and the Great. The Hīnayāna has no second reception of the precepts, whereas the Mahāyāna has reception again. The Hīnayāna allows relinquishment of the precepts, whereas the Mahāyāna has no relinquishment of the precepts. The Hīnayāna screens candidates, whereas the Mahāyāna does not screen candidates; thus slaves, maids, and animals who understand the Buddha's words can all receive the precepts. The Hīnayāna requires two masters, ten masters, or twenty masters, whereas the Mahāyāna requires only one master. The Hīnayāna guards against two karmas [body and speech], whereas the Mahāyāna guards against three karmas [including mind]. The Hīnayāna lasts for a single lifetime, whereas the Mahāyāna extends to the fruit of Buddhahood. The Hīnayāna formulates precepts gradually as offenses occur, whereas the Mahāyāna formulates them abruptly prior to offenses. The Hīnayāna precepts have fixed numbers, from ten precepts up to five hundred; the Mahāyāna is not fixed: sometimes six major; sometimes eight major and twenty-eight minor; sometimes forty-two kinds; sometimes ten major and forty-eight minor. The Nirvana Commentary fully harmonizes their similarities and differences.