觀無量壽佛經疏 2.109

2.109

Regarding 'pressed by the five sufferings': among the eight sufferings, taking the suffering of birth, the suffering of aging, the suffering of illness, the suffering of death, and the suffering of separation from what is loved constitutes the five sufferings. Adding three more sufferings makes the eight sufferings: first, the suffering of the burning five skandhas; second, the suffering of not getting what is sought; third, the suffering of encountering what is hated. These are collectively called the eight sufferings. These five turbidities, five sufferings, eight sufferings, and so forth are experienced throughout the six paths; there is no one who lacks them, and they constantly oppress and torment. If one does not experience these sufferings, one is not included in the category of pṛthagjanas. The phrase 'How should they see' and so forth clarifies that the Queen brought forth the capacities of those who suffer. The sinful karma of these beings is extremely deep, and furthermore they do not see the Buddha nor receive his assistance; how could they see that land?