阿彌陀經疏 1.84

1.84

經曰：「在舍衛國祇樹給孤獨園」者，次釋說經處也。此又有二：一、境界住，謂天子所統之方，即舍衛國；二、依止住，謂如來所居之處，即給孤獨園也。舍衛者，此云聞物，故《法鏡經》云：遊於聞物。《三字生經》、《勝氏樹十二遊巡經》云：其國無物不有，天下聞之，故名聞物。《善見律》云：此名多有，昔道士修行於此，時王出遊見此地勝，就乞立都，地從人立名為舍衛。舍衛者，即地主之名，故言舍衛國。祇樹者，是彼國太子之號，謂之祇陀，亦言誓多，此云戰勝。施其林樹與佛經行，故言祇樹，即《阿含經》稱林者是也。給孤獨園者，《別譯阿含》第九云，長者須達多詣王舍城初見於佛，即自稱言：「我舍衛國人名須達多，此翻善施，鄉人以我好給獨老，眾人稱為給孤獨也。」後買祇陀之園造佛精舍，故言給孤獨園。良以君上而臣下，故先祇後給，以別歸總故初樹次園。

The sūtra says: “In the kingdom of Śrāvastī, in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍada's park.” This next explains the place where the sūtra was spoken. Here again there are two [aspects]: first, the dwelling of dominion, namely the territory ruled by the monarch, which is the kingdom of Śrāvastī; second, the dwelling of reliance, namely the place where the Tathāgata resided, which is Anāthapiṇḍada's park. As for “Śrāvastī,” here it is translated as “Famed Goods” (Wenwu). Thus the Fajing jing says: “[He] roamed in Wenwu.” The Sanzisheng jing and the Shengshishu shi'er youxun jing state: “In that country there was nothing it did not possess, and it was heard of throughout the world; hence it was called Wenwu (Famed Goods).” The Samantapāsādikā states: “This name means ‘possessing much.’ In antiquity, an ascetic practiced here. At that time the king went on an excursion, saw the excellence of this site, and approached him to request establishing a capital. The land took its name from the person and was called Śrāvastī.” Śrāvastī was the name of the master of the land, hence it is called the kingdom of Śrāvastī. As for “Jeta,” this is the title of the crown prince of that kingdom, who was called Jeta, also written as Jeta, which here translates as “Victorious in Battle.” He donated his grove of trees to the Buddha for walking meditation, hence it is called “Jeta's trees”; this is what the Āgamas call the “Grove.” As for “Anāthapiṇḍada's park,” the ninth fascicle of the Bieyi ahan jing says that the elder Sudatta went to Rājagṛha and first met the Buddha, thereupon declaring of himself: “I am a man of the kingdom of Śrāvastī named Sudatta, which translates here as ‘Good Giving.’ Because I am fond of providing for the solitary and aged, the populace calls me ‘Anāthapiṇḍada’ (Giver to the Destitute).” Later he purchased Jeta's park and built a vihāra for the Buddha; hence it is called “Anāthapiṇḍada's park.” Indeed, because the ruler is above and the minister is below, Jeta is placed first and the Giver after; and because the particular belongs to the general, the trees come first and the park next.