大般涅槃經集解 1.31

1.31

案僧亮敘曰：經者，胡音修多羅，名含五義也。僧宗敘曰：從凡至聖，經由此理也。寶亮曰：學者所由得解也，以此一字貫一部之文理也。智秀曰：天竺以詮理之文，總曰脩多羅。備含眾義，如出生、微發、涌泉、繩墨、華鬘之流也，至於經由之義，蓋其一也。法智曰：有二訓。一曰常，謂稱理之言，眾聖莫能改也；二曰由，謂出凡入聖之所由也。法安曰：經者，訓釋有二種：一曰常、二曰法也。外國脩多羅，有眾多義，亦曰涌泉、亦曰繩墨。今以常義代彼涌泉，明流注而不竭也。以法義化彼繩墨，明規矩暮則軌靶不沒也。

Sengliang sets forth: 'Sūtra' is in Indian sounds sūtra, a name containing five meanings. Sengzong sets forth: From ordinary being to sage, one passes through this principle. Baoliang says: It is that by which students obtain understanding; by this single word, the text and principle of the entire work are strung together. Zhixiu says: In India, texts that elucidate principle are collectively called sūtra. They fully contain manifold meanings, such as springing forth, subtle revelation, bubbling spring, marking line, and garland; as for the meaning of 'passing through', it is merely one of them. Fazhi says: There are two glosses. First, 'constant', meaning that these words accord with principle and none of the sages can alter them; second, 'by way of', meaning that by which one departs from the ordinary and enters sagehood. Fa'an says: 'Sūtra' has two kinds of glossed explanations: first, 'constant'; second, 'standard'. The foreign sūtra has many meanings; it is also called 'bubbling spring' and 'marking line'. Now, the meaning of 'constant' replaces their 'bubbling spring', clarifying that it flows without running dry. The meaning of 'standard' transforms their 'marking line', clarifying that when the rules are established, the standard targets do not disappear.