大般涅槃經集解 10.175

10.175

案僧宗曰：具此五德，調二種人也。善解一字者，於一一字中善解言旨也。又釋善解滿字也。尋此文旨，應云善解一律字也。寶亮曰：五法者，一者調伏眾生、二者知輕、三者知重、四者非律不證、五者是律應證也。隨機而化，不憚形迹，是調眾生也。知四重，是知重也。止此知重，非善知也；若知諸篇之中有重心者，是名知重。從知第二篇以下，是名知輕，亦如知重類也。非律不證者，若是違律所應制者，則應制之，不同用也。是律應證者，能依經律而行，則便讚歎勸誘也。

Sengzong notes: Possessing these five virtues, one regulates two kinds of persons. 'Skilfully understanding a single word' means skilfully understanding the import of the words in each and every word. Another explanation is that it means skilfully understanding the full words. Examining the purport of this text, it should say 'skilfully understanding a single word of the Vinaya'. Baoliang notes: As for the five factors: first, subduing sentient beings; second, knowing the light; third, knowing the heavy; fourth, not verifying what is not Vinaya; fifth, verifying what is Vinaya. To transform [beings] in accordance with their capacities, without dreading forms or traces, is to subdue sentient beings. Knowing the four pārājikas is knowing the heavy. To stop at merely knowing this as the heavy is not skilful knowing; if one knows which within all the categories are grave matters, this is called knowing the heavy. From knowing the second category downward, this is called knowing the light, which is also of the same sort as knowing the heavy. 'Not verifying what is not Vinaya' means that if something violates the Vinaya and should be prohibited, one ought to prohibit it, and not join in using it. 'Verifying what is Vinaya' means that if one is able to practice relying on the sūtras and Vinaya, one then praises and encourages them.