大般涅槃經集解 11.73

11.73

案僧亮曰：戒有二種，一者受戒、二者制戒。佛初成道，善來比丘，便受得戒。未有制戒，不知犯故，輕重科目一切盡破也。僧宗曰：此答前犯不犯句也。言總制之前，冥起諸惡。若使頓制，物情不堪。是以如來，初制諸惡莫作折其重惡，然後因事制戒也。智秀曰：此下答初問。明所以不頓制者，由聞者不信，必毀謗故也。「爾時有善男子」以下，因釋不得頓制之意，乃更興一難也。

Sengliang states: There are two kinds of precepts: first, receiving precepts; second, instituting precepts. When the Buddha first attained enlightenment, the 'Come, monk' bhikṣus immediately received the precepts. There having been no instituted precepts yet, because they did not know offenses, they broke all the classified items of minor and grave offenses. Sengzong states: This answers the earlier phrase on offense and non-offense. It means that prior to the general institution, all evils arose in ignorance. If they had been instituted all at once, beings' dispositions could not have borne it. Therefore, the Tathāgata first instituted 'commit no evils' to suppress their grave evils, and only afterwards instituted precepts according to circumstances. Zhixiu states: From here down answers the first question. It clarifies that the reason they were not instituted all at once was that those who heard them would not believe and would inevitably slander them. From 'At that time there were good men' onwards, based on explaining the intention of being unable to institute them all at once, another objection is then raised.