大般涅槃經集解 2.19

2.19

案僧宗曰：此列同聞人也。凡四過列：第一與佛具至雙林，不待光召；第二蒙三瑞方來；第三雖蒙三瑞，未能自遣，故變林催至；第四不待光召，諸佛知時遣來同事。此即第一先列在佛邊者也。比丘，天竺語也。此以三義往釋，謂乞士、破惡、怖魔也。寶亮曰：此列十四日暮從佛來此者也。彼國出家者之名也。此間無此名，但以三義美之，如怖魔等也。前後圍繞者，迴旋致敬也。智秀曰：此故是聲光所召者耳。為欲依准餘經序故，略標大數，別稱在前也。然同聞有三種：一處同、二時同、三所聞法同。阿難于時既在娑羅林外，是則時不同也。道慧記曰：大者，皆是得道人也。

I note that Sengzong says: "This lists the companions in hearing. They are listed in four groups altogether: first, those who arrived together with the Buddha at the Twin Forest without waiting to be summoned by the light; second, those who came only after receiving the three portents; third, those who, though receiving the three portents, could not dispatch themselves, so the forest was transformed to urge their arrival; fourth, those who did not wait to be summoned by the light, but whose Buddhas knew the time and sent them to participate in the event. This is the first, listing those beside the Buddha beforehand. Bhikṣu is a word of India. It is interpreted here with three meanings: mendicant, destroyer of evil, and frightener of māras." Baoliang says: "This lists those who followed the Buddha here on the evening of the fourteenth day. It is the name for renunciants in that country. This land does not have this name, but praises it with three meanings, such as frightening māras, etc. 'Surrounded before and behind' means circling around to pay homage." Zhixiu says: "These are still those summoned by the sound and light. Wishing to follow the precedent of other sūtra prefaces, the large number is briefly indicated, specifically mentioned in advance. However, companions in hearing are of three kinds: first, identity of place; second, identity of time; third, identity of the Dharma heard. Since Ānanda was outside the śāla forest at that time, his time was not identical." Daohui's record says: "'Great' means they were all persons who had attained the Way."