大般涅槃經集解 6.5

6.5

案僧亮曰：佛與純陀說常住感應之義，備於上文。純陀既去之後，疑者應發而未即問者，冀佛稽延也。故現必去之徵，催令問也。六種動義，備之《華嚴經》也。此中有兩意：前訖「眾生心動」，動中有聲，說大小之相也。從「兜率天」下至「如是大動」，明必有大事也。學地有三種、無學地有三種，而五種已過，此第六也。法瑤曰：大士既去，無人扣發，是故動地以表涅槃，速其勸請之端也，伊字涅槃因斯而唱也。寶亮曰：此第七相也。此端來意非為召眾，但時人見佛威光恬然，情意小惰，更現此相以表必去也。此下訖老少二人譬，第一自陳己苦，請而譏佛也。有三意：第一說十一行偈半，正陳苦而請也。第二後兩行偈，明佛若在世，有除苦之益也。請竟佛默然故，第三更引事譏佛也。智秀曰：此第一段也。地中有此聲者，表兩義：一者令知今是大動；二者令知此動為涅槃相也。慧朗曰：前品末放口光，此品初動也，皆是欲為下根人重說常故也。從放口光訖偈，六段中第一現涅槃相也。有三章，此第一章。

Sengliang notes: "The Buddha's explanation to Cunda of the meaning of the permanent response and resonance was fully set out in the text above. After Cunda had departed, those who had doubts ought to have raised them, yet did not immediately ask because they hoped the Buddha would delay. Therefore, he manifested the sign of certain departure to urge them to ask. The meaning of the six kinds of quaking is fully explained in the Avataṃsaka Sūtra. There are two ideas here: up to 'the minds of sentient beings were shaken', within the quaking there was sound, describing the aspects of magnitude. From 'Tuṣita heaven' down to 'quaked greatly in this manner', it clarifies that there must be a great event. There are three kinds [of quakings] for the stage of training (śaikṣa) and three kinds for the stage beyond training (aśaikṣa); five kinds have already passed, and this is the sixth." Fayao stated: "Now that the Great Being had departed and there was no one to initiate the questioning, the earth was therefore shaken to signify nirvāṇa, accelerating the occasion for their entreaty; the i-character nirvāṇa was proclaimed on account of this." Baoliang stated: "This is the seventh sign. The intention behind the occurrence of this sign was not to summon the assembly; rather, seeing the Buddha's majestic light remained tranquil, the people of the time became somewhat indolent in mind, so he manifested this sign again to signify that he would certainly depart. From here down to the simile of the two men, old and young, is the first part: stating their own suffering, entreating while remonstrating with the Buddha. It contains three ideas: first, speaking eleven and a half lines of verse directly stating their suffering and entreating; second, the final two lines of verse clarify that if the Buddha remains in the world, there will be the benefit of dispelling suffering; third, because the Buddha remained silent after the entreaty, they further cite circumstances to remonstrate with the Buddha." Zhixiu stated: "This is the first section. That there was this sound in the earth signifies two meanings: first, to let them know that this is a great quaking; second, to let them know that this quaking is a sign of nirvāṇa." Huilang stated: "Radiating light from the mouth at the end of the previous chapter, and the quaking at the beginning of this chapter, are both intended to expound permanence again for those of inferior faculties. From radiating light from the mouth down to the verses, it is the first section among six, manifesting the sign of nirvāṇa. It has three subsections, and this is the first subsection."