大般涅槃經集解 69.44

69.44

案僧亮曰：上九法說道品次第功用差別，未說行義，說十相是所行之法也。寶亮曰：第三番，歷十想為歎。若依此經修十想，莫問凡聖，例皆通歎。何意爾？昔教明理不周，修十想不成；依今所說，凡聖修行悉不乖理。所以通歎十想者，謂厭離食想、世間不可樂想、死想，此三是始觀。次有四想者，無常、苦、無我、多過罪。此四是涉理觀，得理小深。後餘三想，離想、滅想、無愛想，是入聖觀也。就文中，先觀無常想，先觀麁、後觀細也。從「遠離常慢」下，第二，次修苦想也。從「非我我所者」下，第三，次觀無我想也。從「智者觀無我已」以下，第四，次觀厭離食想也。從「具足如是四想」下，第五，次修世間不可樂想也。又從「有智之人已修世間不可樂想」下，第六，次修死想也。

Sengliang comments: The nine dharmas above explain the differences in the sequence and functional application of the factors of the Path, but do not yet explain the meaning of practice. The ten notions expounded are the practices to be cultivated.

Baoliang comments: The third section goes through the ten notions in praise. If one cultivates the ten notions relying on this sūtra, regardless of whether one is ordinary or noble, all are universally praised. Why is this? In the past teachings, the explanation of the principle was incomplete, so the cultivation of the ten notions was unsuccessful; relying on what is spoken now, the practice of both ordinary and noble does not contradict the principle. The reason the ten notions are universally praised is that the notion of revulsion toward food, the notion of the world as unpleasurable, and the notion of death—these three are the initial contemplations. Next are four notions: impermanence, suffering, non-self, and many faults. These four are contemplations that engage the principle, penetrating it slightly deeper. The final three notions—the notion of detachment, the notion of cessation, and the notion of non-craving—are contemplations that enter noble status. In the text, one first contemplates the notion of impermanence, first contemplating the coarse and then the subtle. From "leaving far behind the pride of permanence" onward is the second: next cultivating the notion of suffering. From "not self or belonging to self" onward is the third: next contemplating the notion of non-self. From "the wise person, having contemplated non-self" onward is the fourth: next contemplating the notion of revulsion toward food. From "endowed with these four notions" onward is the fifth: next cultivating the notion of the world as unpleasurable. Furthermore, from "a wise person, having cultivated the notion of the world as unpleasurable" onward is the sixth: next cultivating the notion of death.