大般涅槃經集解 17.5

17.5

Sengliang comments: Upholding māra's sutras and vinayas is what is called relying on persons and not relying on the Dharma. If one is complete in the four inversions, they are the four māras. Sengzong says: The four māras are māra-sutras, māra-vinayas, māra-teachers, and māra-disciples. Māras disrupt the Dharma through two matters: first, disrupting by bodily form; second, disrupting by exposition. Here, bodily disruption is clarified first, followed by disruption through exposition. Within disruption through exposition, in brief there are two: first, disrupting the sutras; second, disrupting the vinaya. Disrupting the sutras and disrupting the vinaya each have two levels: first brief, then extensive. Within the brief disruption of sutras, adhering to the Buddha's partial teaching and grasping it as definitive meaning; within the brief vinaya, first clarifying the outright violation of the vinaya teachings. Within the extensive disruption of sutras, the textual phrasing appears again, not necessarily following the teachings, but simply presuming for oneself to generate this heterodox understanding, not being a person of merit; later it clarifies that the monk answering the king about the nature incurs an offense, which is also called disrupting the sutras. Within the extensive disruption of the vinaya, it can be divided into seven, which will be further divided there. Baoliang says: Within distinguishing heterodoxy here, there are two sections: first, heavenly māras disrupting the path; second, humans acting as māras to disrupt the upright.