大般涅槃經集解 32.6

32.6

Sengliang comments: From here to the end of the section on the four truths is the third part, the comprehensive reconciling integration, clarifying that the myriad phenomena awakened to by the Buddha are like the grass growing on the great earth, whereas what was expounded formerly for the two vehicles was like the grass in his hand. Therefore Kāśyapa now takes this up to frame his question. He asks whether the phenomena awakened to by the Buddha, like the grass of the great earth, enter the four truths or do not enter them; if they did not enter, there ought to be five truths. The Buddha replies below that all are subsumed within the principle of the four truths. When examined thoroughly, nothing goes beyond the four truths; since the names of the four truths encompass them, how could the principle leave anything out? Hence it is said: 'all are subsumed within the four truths'. Even though it is said that they enter therein, they are still not called expounded. Why is this? If one contemplates this realm to the utmost, wisdom is born and also fully realized. The two vehicles only know all phenomena in their general marks, not having penetrated fully into their deep intent; hence the vimokṣa they produce is inferior, and their knowledge of the Dharma gates is also narrow and shallow. If their understanding is not like the Buddha's, one should know they have not exhausted the realm of objects. Because their seeing of the realm of objects is not comprehensive, looking toward these persons it can be said that their subsumption is not exhaustive; thus although spoken, it is not called expounded.