大般涅槃經集解 60.80

60.80

Sengliang states: "This explains the fixed and unfixed karmas mentioned above. The Upāsaka-śīla Sūtra explains that karma has four varieties: first, retribution is fixed and time is fixed; second, retribution is fixed and time is unfixed; third, time is fixed and retribution is unfixed; fourth, time is unfixed and retribution is unfixed. Here, he speaks of two kinds because he combines the first two where retribution is fixed into one." Sengzong states: "He previously clarified that there is transformation; now he elaborates on fixed retribution and fixed time to make clear the principle of transformability. Speaking of the principle of retribution, it does not go beyond fixed time and fixed retribution. If both time and retribution are fixed, this category is the heaviest. If retribution is fixed but time is unfixed, this is the second. If time is fixed but retribution is unfixed, this is the third. If both retribution and time are unfixed, this is the fourth." Baoliang states: "From here down through the karmas of the three retributions, all serve to prove the initial first heading that the nature of karma is not fixed. Volitional karma is of two kinds: fixed and unfixed. Now he sets out four alternatives to clarify the substance of karma. First, time is fixed and retribution is unfixed: when this person performs karma, regardless of whether it is light or heavy, it is performed with a fiercely resolute mind. After the karma is accomplished, they further apply themselves and make a resolute vow to reinforce this karma; this is called 'fixed karma.' If this time passes, it will never be experienced again. As for 'retribution is fixed and time is unfixed': when this person performs karma, their mind is extremely earnest, but not necessarily definitive, and furthermore they have no resolute vow; therefore it is experienced either in the present life, the next life, or subsequent lives. As for 'both are unfixed': at the time of action it was not grave, nor was it definitive. As for 'both are fixed': it is the opposite of the above."