大般涅槃經義記 1.86

1.86

龍等眾中，多先列眾、次辯供奉佛、後「如來不受」下不果却住，文顯可知。上來隨數漸增，以列「二十恒河大香象」下亂列諸眾。「爾時閻浮比丘及尼、一切集」者，與上何別而復列之？前唯無學，此通上下，凡聖皆集，故云一切，唯除迦葉、阿難眾者。阿難林外為魔所嬈，故此未至。迦葉後來，佛現雙足，廣益多人，故此未集。

Among the assemblies of nāgas and so forth, most first list the assembly, next explain their making offerings to the Buddha, and afterwards, from 'the Tathāgata did not accept' down, they are unsuccessful and step back to stay; the text is clear and can be known. Above, they were listed as the numbers gradually increased; from 'twenty Ganges [sands] of great fragrant elephants' down, the various assemblies are listed mixedly. As for 'At that time, all the bhikṣus and bhikṣuṇīs of Jambudvīpa gathered'—how does this differ from the above that it is listed again? The former were only those without further training, while this encompasses superiors and inferiors, ordinary beings and noble ones all gathering, hence it says 'all,' excluding only the assemblies of Kāśyapa and Ānanda. Outside the grove, Ānanda was troubled by Māra, so he had not arrived here. Kāśyapa would come later, when the Buddha would manifest his two feet to broadly benefit many people, so he had not gathered here.